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U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine
Updated May 22, 2024
The United States has been a leading provider of security
assistance to Ukraine, particularly since Russia launched its
expanded invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. Since
then, the United States has committed more than $52 billion
in security assistance to support Ukraine's efforts to
defend itself against Russia's aggression, secure its borders,
and improve interoperability with NATO, according to the
U.S. Department of State and Department of Defense
(DOD) (see Table 1).
FY2022 and FY2023 security assistance packages have
been mostly funded via $48.7 billion in supplemental
appropriations. This amount includes $25.93 billion to
replenish DOD equipment stocks sent to Ukraine via
Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA; 22 U.S.C. §2318);
$18 billion for DOD's Ukraine Security Assistance
Initiative (USAI; P.L. 114-92, §1250); and $4.73 billion in
Foreign Military Financing (FMF; 22 U.S.C. §2763) for
Ukraine and countries impacted by the situation in
Ukraine. Another $300 million per year has been provided
for USAI in regular FY2022 and FY2023 appropriations, as
well as in FY2024 continuing appropriations.
FY2024 security assistance packages are being funded
mostly via $28.8 billion in supplemental appropriations.
Division B of P.L. 118-50 includes at least $13.41 billion to
replenish DOD stocks sent to Ukraine via PDA, $13.77
billion for USAI, and $1.6 billion in FMF for Ukraine and
other affected countries. P.L. 118-50 also established an
FY2024 PDA cap of $7.8 billion.
Like prior Ukraine supplemental appropriations, FY2024
supplemental appropriations also include funds for U.S.
European Command operations and related support for the
U.S. military. See CRS Insight IN12107, Department of
Defense Supplemental Fundingfor Ukraine: A Summary.
Secur ty Assistance Programs
The United States has used security assistance programs
and authorities to help build the defensive capacity of the
Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) through train, equip, and
advise efforts across multiple spending accounts.
Since August 2021, the United States has been providing
defense items to Ukraine via PDA, by which the President
can authorize the immediate transfer of articles and services
from U.S. stocks, up to a funding cap established in law, in
response to an unforeseen emergency (22 U.S.C.
§2318(a)(1)). Since August 2021, the Biden Administration
has authorized 57 PDA drawdowns valued at about $24
billion (Table 2). Since August 2023 most PDA packages
have been transferred under previous authorizations, after a
DOD review of PDA overvaluations restored up to $6.2
billion in FY2022 and FY2023 authority.
USAI and FMF procurement packages have included
equipment, training, and advisory efforts to strengthen
Ukraine's defensive capabilities (see Table 3).
Ukraine also has received assistance pursuant to DOD's
security cooperation authorities, notably Building Partner
Capacity (10 U.S.C. §333) and Defense Institution Building
(10 U.S.C. §332), as well as International Military
Education and Training. Other State Department- and
DOD-funded security assistance has supported
conventional weapons destruction, border security, law
enforcement training, and counter-weapons of mass
destruction capabilities.
Table I. Selected U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine,
FY2022-FY2024
(in millions of dollars)
FY2022 FY2023 FY2024 Total
Presidential 9,225.0 14,628.0 + 400.0 + 24,253.0
Drawdown previously previously
Authority authorized authorized
(PDA) PDA PDA
Ukraine 6,300.0 12,300.0 6,300.0 24,900.0
Security
Assistance
Initiative
Foreign 1,542.6 77.8 2,000.0 3,620.4
Military
Financing
Total 17,067.6 27,005.8 8,700.0 52,773.4
Source: Compiled by CRS, on the basis of ForeignAssistance.gov and
Department of State and Department of Defense press releases
through May 22, 2024.
Note: For FY2024, the table includes assistance that the Biden
Administration has announced as of May 22, 2024, not total
appropriated funding (for which, see Table 3) or total available PDA
($7.8 billion).
Table 2. Presidential Drawdowns for Ukraine,
FY2021-FY2024
(in millions of dollars)
Fiscal
Year PDA # Announced Value
2021 I 60.0
2022 2-21 9,225.0
2023 22-47 14,628.0 [822.0]
2024 48-57 400.0 [2,500.0]
Source: Compiled by CRS, on the basis of Department of State and
Department of Defense press releases through May 22, 2024.
Note: PDA totals in brackets are the value of announced packages
utilizing previously authorized Presidential Drawdown Authority.](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.crs/govepph0001&div=1&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)