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1 1 (April 9, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveppf0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Russian Military Actions at Ukraine's Nuclear Power Plants Updated April 9, 2024 Russia's ongoing military occupation of Ukraine's six-reactor Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant (ZNPP)-the largest in Europe-has raised widespread alarm about potential damage to the plant that could cause large radioactive releases to the environment. Russian forces captured the plant on March 4, 2022, with reported heavy fighting and artillery shelling. Multiple drone strikes on the plant on April 7, 2024-including the containment dome roof of one of the reactors-constituted a major escalation of the nuclear safety and security dangers facing the Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant, according to Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). An IAEA team at the site found no damage to the plant's critical safety systems, but reported blood at the site of one explosion. Since August 2022, military action in region has severed all off-site power to the Zaporizhzhia plant eight times, according to IAIA. Whenever offsite power has been lost, the plant's emergency diesel generators have been activated to provide electricity for reactor cooling systems. The plant's six reactors have been shut down since September 2022, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Nuclear Energy Agency. However, decay heat from the reactors' nuclear fuel must be continuously removed to prevent overheating and radioactive releases. After months of negotiation, an IAEA expert team arrived at ZNPP on September 1, 2022, to assess the conditions at the plant. IAEA's report on the mission, issued September 5, 2022, described extensive damage to plant facilities and surrounding infrastructure. The report warned that continued military action 1represented a constant threat to nuclear safety and security because critical safety functions (containment of the radioactivity and cooling in particular) could be impacted. The report called for establishment of a nuclear safety and security protection zone around the ZNPP. It also noted that the plant's operating staff is subject to constant high stress and pressure which could lead to increased human error with implications on nuclear safety. Russian forces have seized control of ZNPP and its management, but the plant's operational personnel have remained on duty. IAEA experts will remain at the plant to monitor safety conditions. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11883 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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