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1 1 (April 12, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveppe0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Russian Military Actions at Ukraine's Nuclear Power Plants Updated April 12, 2024 Russia's military occupation of Ukraine's six-reactor Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant (ZNPP)-the largest in Europe-has raised widespread alarm about potential damage to the plant that could cause large radioactive releases to the environment. Russian forces captured the plant on March 4, 2022, with reported heavy fighting and artillery shelling. Since September 2022, an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) expert team at the plant has been assessing safety conditions. The United States has called on Russia to withdraw its military and civilian personnel from the plant and return full control of the plant to the competent Ukrainian authorities. Multiple drone strikes on the plant on April 7, 2024-including the containment dome roof of one of the reactors-constituted a major escalation of the nuclear safety and security dangers, according to IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi. The IAEA team found no damage to the plant's critical safety systems. The IAEA Board of Governors held a special session on April 11 to discuss potential dangers, and the UN Security Council scheduled a similar meeting for April 15. IAEA experts at the ZNPP have not been given access to all areas of the site. Since August 2022, military action in region has severed all off-site power to the Zaporizhzhia plant eight times, according to the IAEA. Whenever offsite power is lost, the plant's emergency diesel generators are activated to provide electricity for reactor cooling systems. The plant's six reactors have been shut down since September 2022. However, decay heat from the reactors' nuclear fuel must be continuously removed to prevent overheating and radioactive releases. Military actions have affected the cooling water supply for the plant. Since Russian forces destroyed the Kakhovka Reservoir dam in 2023, replacement groundwater wells supply cooling water to the plant. Ukraine's top nuclear regulatory official said that lack of maintenance and repairs over two years of occupation has led to a significant degradation of nuclear and radiation safety and lack of emergency response capability. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11883 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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