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1 1 (January 29, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveodn0001 and id is 1 raw text is: beCongressional ____ ~ Research Service Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Cybersecurity Provisions January 29, 2024 The disruption of a safe and reliable water supply remains a concern related to the protection of public health. Several events have increased attention to water system security, including malicious cyber activities affecting devices used by some systems. Water systems are one type of critical infrastructure (CI) covered by broader efforts to improve CI security. Executive Order 13636 designated the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as the lead agency responsible for water sector security, including cybersecurity. SDWA and Water Systems To address intentional acts that may threaten water systems, Congress added provisions to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) to support the safety of water supplies. SDWA is the key federal law for protecting public water supplies; it applies to the nearly 144,000 privately and publicly owned water systems that provide piped water to at least 15 service connections or that regularly serve at least 25 people. Of these systems, roughly 49,400 (34%) are community water systems (CWS), which serve the same residences year-round. Most CWS (81%) are relatively small, serving 3,300 or fewer individuals. These systems provide water to 7.6% of the total population served by CWS. Fewer than 9% of CWS serve 10,000 or more individuals, but these systems provide water to 83% of the population served (nearly 260 million individuals). Due to the number of systems and range of system sizes, cybersecurity challenges faced by the sector may differ from other CI sectors (e.g., the energy sector) that have fewer providers. For example, smaller systems may lack resources to assist them with cybersecurity. SDWA Water System Security Provisions Water system security provisions, which are primarily in SDWA Part D Emergency Powers, range from risk and resilience assessment and emergency response planning to penalties against those who tamper or attempt to tamper with water systems. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12311 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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