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In the 1970s, Congress enacted the National
Emergencies Act (NEA) and IEEPA to replace
previous emergency authorities and place new
limits on presidential emergency power.
[To] deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in
whole or substantial part outside the United States[,] upon declaring a national
emergency under the NEA, IEEPA grants the President the power to regulate
transactions, freeze assets, and seize property.
1979|1980 1990
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1114/1979 i 9/1/2023
12020
A Presidents have declared 78
national emergencies since the
enactment of the NEA and IEEPA.
69 declarations
have invoked IEEPA
9 declarations
have not invoked IEEPA
F
IEEPA was used to continue
enforcement of the Export
Administration Act (EAA) upon
its expiration 6 times for a total of
29 years. IEEPA authority is still
used to continue certain export
controls related to WMD.
1554 1983
55s 1984
1990 '9,9399
55 1994A
19948 99 5915
200
se Today 39 of the 42 ongoing
national emergencies cite IEEPA.
Under the NEA, Congress can
Sterminate a national emergency
through a joint resolution.
1976 - 2018: Congress considered
1 joint resolution to terminate a
national emergency under the NEA.
2019 - 2023: Congress considered 15
joint resolutions to terminate a national
emergency under the NEA.
Of these, 5 involved lEEPA, and Congress
terminated 1(COVID-19 Outbreak) that
did not involve IEEPA.
Abbreviations: EAA = Expiration of the Export Administration Act of 1979; WMD = Proliferating Weapons of Mass Destruction;
Terrorism= committing or SupportingTerrorism
Information as of 9/1/2023. Prepared by christopher Casey, Analyst in International Trade and Finance, and Amber Wilhelm, Visual Information
Specialist. For more information, see CRS Report R45618, The international Emergency Economic Powers Act: Origins, Evolution, and Use.
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