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             Congressional_
          S£ Research Service






Responding to Drought in the Colorado River

Basin: Federal and State Efforts



Updated October 23, 2023

The Colorado River Basin (Figure 1) covers more than 246,000 square miles in seven U.S. states and
Mexico. Basin waters are managed and governed by multiple laws, court decisions, and other documents
known collectively as the Law of the River. The Colorado River Compact of 1922 established a
framework to apportion water supplies between the river's Upper and Lower Basins (divided at Lee Ferry,
AZ). Each basin was allocated 7.5 million acre-feet (MAF) annually under the compact; an additional 1.5
MAF  in annual flows was made available to Mexico under a 1944 treaty. The Bureau of Reclamation
(Reclamation) and the Department of the Interior (DOI) play a prominent role in basin water management
due to the many federally authorized projects in the basin. This Insight discusses the status of the basin's
hydrology, as well as efforts to address its water supply issues.























                                                          Congressional Research Service
                                                            https://crsreports.congress.gov
                                                                             IN11982


CRS INSIGHT
Prepared for Members and
Committees of Congress -

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