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1 1 (October 19, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govenfa0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Con gressional Research Service inkirrning th. egislav d bdat S sinl 114 October 19, 2023 DOE Appropriations for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Activities: FY2024 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program addresses the development of applications that use hydrogen in place of today's fuels to provide modern energy services. The program also considers hydrogen as an established industrial chemical, for example, in petroleum refining. The DOE program includes over 400 projects involving research and development (R&D), systems integration, and demonstration and deployment activities- collectively performed by universities, national laboratories, and industry. These activities cover the energy value chain starting with producing hydrogen from diverse feedstocks; transporting and storing it; and finally using it in various applications. The program is led by the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO) within the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). A future hydrogen economy using hydrogen as an energy carrier and fuel could offer an alternative to today's economy with its prevalent combustion of fossil fuels. Initially thought of as a new technology for personal mobility services (e.g., cars) and high-value applications such as provision of electric power during space flight, hydrogen now is receiving attention for industrial processes, heavy vehicles, forklifts, portable power, and buffering and balancing of electric power. In addition to annual appropriations on hydrogen, legislation enacted in the 117th Congress funded hydrogen programs and provided incentives for production of hydrogen that meets certain criteria. For more information, see CRS Report R47487, The Hydrogen Economy: Putting the Pieces Together, by Martin C. Offutt. Federal Hydrogen Programs Authorizing Legislation The Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-413) authorized a federal hydrogen program, initially at the National Science Foundation. Congress transferred overall management responsibility of the hydrogen program to DOE with the Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Program Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-566). The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct, P.L. 109-58) and its amendments, including the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58), further defined the program's scope and purpose. The DOE Progra The DOE Hydrogen Program includes several offices with responsibility for supporting hydrogen work based on different sources of energy (e.g., renewable, fossil, nuclear) and types of end-use (e.g., vehicles, portable power, thermal comfort). DOE's June 2023 National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap envisages 10 million metric tons of new production of hydrogen by 2030, further stipulated to be clean hydrogen as defined in statute and DOE regulation. The Strategy and Roadmap has three focal points: increasing the use of industrial applications, including heavy-duty transportation and energy storage; reducing the cost of clean hydrogen; and developing regional networks through the Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs (§40314 of IIJA). DOE's Hydrogen Shot goal for the cost of hydrogen is $1 per kilogram by 2031, not including delivery and dispensing, for production using electrolyzers that split water to make the hydrogen. Currently the cost of hydrogen made with electrolyzers is roughly $5/kg. DOE Spending Within DOE, two offices-EERE and the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management-were responsible for executing over 80% of DOE's budget authority on hydrogen and fuel cells from the FY2023 annual appropriation. The Office of Nuclear Energy and Office of Science received smaller amounts. The DOE-wide total was $437.5 million in FY2023, including $20.0 million announced by ARPA-E (Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy) in September 2023. Figure 1. FY2024 President' Budget Request for the DOE Hydrogen Program, by Office ($million) Source: Department of Energy FY2024 Congressional Justification: Vol 2: Crosscutting Activities, March 2023. ARPA-E funding for hydrogen is determined annually based on programs developed through office and stakeholder priorities and defined, in part, by the proposals it receives and awards. For FY2024, the President's budget request included $381.6 million (see Figure 1). The House Appropriations Eerg ar3 ARPA-ETBD

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