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The Federal Statistical System: A Primer



July  10, 2023


Overview

The U.S. federal government has a decentralized system of over 100 agencies, organizational units, and
programs that engage in statistical activities. These entities conduct activities, in varying degrees, relating
to the collection, compilation, processing, analysis, and dissemination of data relevant to their missions.
Within this system, the Office of Budget and Management (OMB) identifies 13 principal statistical
agencies (PSAs) and three other organizational units that produce a substantial portion of official U.S.
statistics. The PSAs are entities whose principal missions are conducting statistical activities for statistical
purposes, which refers to statistical activities that describe, estimate, or analyze groups without
identifying individuals or organizations comprising the groups. OMB has identified about 100 additional
federal programs that each conduct at least $3 million in annual statistical activities. Together, these
agencies, units, and programs comprise the federal statistical system (FSS).
Entities in the FSS provide statistical information that stakeholders in the federal government and public
can use to inform policy deliberations, research, program administration, and private decisions in many
policy and societal contexts, as well as inform the public.


Principal Statistical Agencies

Bureau  of Economic Analysis (BEA)  (Department of Commerce): Produces economic-related statistics,
notably the National Income and Product Accounts, which include gross domestic product and other
related measures.
Bureau  of Justice Statistics (BJS) (Department of Justice): Collects, analyzes, publishes, and
disseminates data on crime, criminal offenders, victims of crime, and justice system operations at all
levels of government.
Bureau  of Labor Statistics (BLS) (Department of Labor): Produces statistics relating to labor market
activity, working conditions, and price changes in the economy.



                                                                  Congressional Research Service
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