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1 1 (May 16, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govelqo0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ____ ~ Research Service Potential Stafford Act Assistance for Migration Activity May 16, 2023 After more than three years, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) order directing U.S. immigration officials to expel certain migrants (often called Title 42) terminated on May 11, 2023-in concert with the conclusion of different federal emergency declarations. It is too soon to know how this change might impact new arrivals of asylum seekers at the border over the long term; currently, reports are mixed. However, communities across the country have reportedly sought federal support for costs related to hosting migrants, such as shelter and food, including through declarations under the Robert T. Stafford Emergency Assistance and Disaster Relief Act (Stafford Act, P.L. 93-288, as amended) administered by the Federal Emergency Management Act (FEMA). Potential Stafford Act Assistance A state or territorial governor or tribal chief executive may request federal assistance for response and recovery from major incidents under the Stafford Act. The Stafford Act authorizes the President to issue two types of declarations: an emergency declaration or a major disaster declaration. The Stafford Act defines emergencies broadly to mean any occasion for which federal assistance is needed to supplement state and local efforts to save lives and protect public health and safety. By contrast, the Stafford Act defines major disasters exclusively as natural catastrophes or fires, floods, and explosions. Public Assistance for Emergencies Emergency declarations often authorize Public Assistance (PA), a suite of federal funding options that supplement state, territorial, or tribal resources in response to an incident. With respect to hosting migrants, an emergency declaration may authorize one relevant form of PA: emergency protective measures, defined as activities undertaken to reduce an immediate threat to life, public health, or safety. When authorized, state, local, tribal, and territorial governments (and in certain cases, eligible nonprofits) may receive reimbursement or direct support (e.g., personnel, facilities) for certain types of work, including the provision of emergency shelter and transportation, emergency communications, and emergency commodities. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12163 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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