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               Congressional                                                         ____
           A*Research Service






Federal Small Business Contracting Goals



Updated April 13, 2023


Origins

Since 1988, the federal government has maintained annual goals for small and small disadvantaged
business participation in federal contracting. At that time, Congress required that small businesses receive
not less than 20 percent of the total value of all prime contract awards for each fiscal year and that small
disadvantaged business (those owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged
individuals) receive not less than 5 percent of the total value of all prime contract and subcontract
awards for each fiscal year (P.L. 100-656). Congress has since increased the small business contracting
goal.


Current Small Business Contracting Goals

There are five government-wide statutory small business contracting goals set by Congress:

                             Table  I. Statutory Contracting   Goals

 Type of Firm                                         Goal  Measure of Contract Awards
 Small Businesses                                      23%  Dollar value of prime contract awards
 Small Disadvantaged Businesses                         5%  Dollar value of prime and subcontract awards
 (criteria for social and economic disadvantage apply)
 Women-Owned  Small Businesses                          5%  Dollar value of prime and subcontract awards
 Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Businesses        3%  Dollar value of prime and subcontract awards
 HUB  (Historically Underutilized Business) Zone Small Businesses  3%  Dollar value of prime and subcontract awards

    Source: 15 U.S.C. §644(g)(1)(A)
    Notes: Prime contracts are made directly to a business from an agency, whereas subcontracts are made between prime
    contractors' businesses. Some federal prime contracts require a contractor to subcontract with small businesses to create
    more opportunities for those firms. While the above goals were created through legislation, executive action has altered
    them; for FY2023, agencies must collectively award at least 12% of contract spending to Small Disadvantaged Businesses,


                                                                   Congressional  Research Service
                                                                     https://crsreports.congress.gov
                                                                                          IN12018


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