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1 1 (March 23, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govekzo0001 and id is 1 raw text is: a Congressional ____ 'a Research Service Challenges with Identifying Minors Online Updated March 23, 2023 Congress has enacted legislation to protect minors online. For example, Congress enacted the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (COPPA). COPPA requires operators of online services that collect personal information and are directed to, or knowingly collect, data on children under 13 years of age to notify users about the data collection, receive parental consent, and maintain reasonable procedures to protect that data. Congress has also enacted legislation-such as the Child Online Protection Act-that federal courts have deemed unconstitutional under the First Amendment. Policymakers have shown interest in implementing additional protections for children on the internet. The Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing, Protecting Our Children Online, on February 17, 2023. The 117h Congress introduced multiple bills-such as the Kids Online Safety Act and the Children and Teens' Online Privacy Protection Act-that would have created additional requirements for operators of online services. Some states have implemented legislation related to protecting children online, including California's Age-Appropriate Design Code Act and Louisiana's liability for publishers and distributors of material harmful to minors. Current Efforts to Identify Minors Federal statutes do not require providers of online services to use a specific method of age verification. Thus, some providers of online services have minimum age requirements-typically stated in the terms of service-and require users to enter their birthdate or age before accessing the content. Some providers of online services have set or are exploring additional requirements to verify their users' ages. For example, the dating app Tinder requires users in some locations to submit a copy of their driver's license, passport, or health insurance card to verify their age; it does not allow verification with a resident card, temporary driver's license, or student identification (ID) card. In June 2022, the social media platform Instagram started to test three options for users to verify their age. Users can (1) record videos of themselves, which are shared with Yoti, a company that operates an age-checking artificial intelligence (AI) technology; (2) ask other users to confirm their age; or (3) upload a driver's license or other form of ID. In February 2021, pornographic content platform Pornhub announced that only users verified with Yoti would be able to upload content. In January 2023, Pornhub started requiring users in Louisiana to verify their age with the LA Wallet app-a digital wallet that allows users to upload their driver's license, in addition to other information. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12055 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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