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1 1 (February 21, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govekqi0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ____ R Fesearch Service The Appointment of Black U.S. Circuit and District Court Judges: Historical Overview and Analysis February 21, 2023 This CRS Insight provides historical and statistical information related to the appointment of Black U.S. circuit and district court judges. Recent CRS analysis has also provided information about the demographic characteristics of circuit and district court judges confirmed during the 117th Congress (2021-2022). The first African American appointed to a lower federal judgeship authorized by Article III of the U.S. Constitution was William H. Hastie, who was appointed by President Truman in 1949 to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (comprised of Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and the U.S. Virgin Islands). Judge Hastie initially received a recess appointment but was later confirmed by the Senate in 1950. The first African American to serve as a U.S. district court judge was James B. Parsons, appointed by President Kennedy in 1961 to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Chicago, Rockford). The first African American woman to serve as a lower federal court judge was Constance B. Motley, appointed by President Johnson in 1966 to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Manhattan, White Plains, Poughkeepsie). The first African American woman to serve as a U.S. circuit court judge was Amalya L. Kearse, appointed by President Carter in 1979 to the Second Circuit (Connecticut, New York, Vermont). The data provided below are current through February 20, 2023, and also include Black biracial circuit and district court appointees. U.S. Circuit Court Judges From Judge Hastie's appointment in 1949 through February 20, 2023, there have been a total of 52 African Americans confirmed as U.S. circuit court judges. Of the 52, 32 (62%) have been men and 20 (39%) have been women. As of February 20, 2023, 25 (15%) of 170 active circuit court judges are African American (of whom 13 are men and 12 are women). Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12113 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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