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1 1 (February 3, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govekli0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ______ SResearch Service Recent Developments in Opioid Regulation Under the Controlled Substances Act Updated February 3, 2023 In recent years, policymakers have devoted significant attention to opioid regulation, seeking in particular to combat the epidemic of opioid misuse and overdoses. Opioids are drugs derived from the opium poppy or emulating the effects of opium-derived drugs. Some opioids have legitimate medical uses related to pain management, while others have no recognized medical use. Both pharmaceutical opioids (such as oxycodone, codeine, and morphine) and non-pharmaceutical opioids (such as heroin) may pose a risk of abuse and dependence and may be dangerous or even deadly in certain doses. As part of its response to the opioid crisis, Congress has considered how to regulate non-pharmaceutical analogues to the powerful opioid fentanyl. At the same time, courts, advocates, and the executive branch have grappled with the legal status of supervised consumption sites-facilities where illicit drug users can consume opioids under the supervision of trained staff, receive medical intervention in case of an overdose, and access services including addiction treatment. In addition, in December 2022, Congress enacted legislation relaxing certain regulatory requirements for medical providers offering treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). This Legal Sidebar provides information for Congress on recent developments in opioid regulation, with a focus on regulation under the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA). The Sidebar first provides background information on the legal status of opioids. It then discusses recent legal developments related to fentanyl analogues, supervised consumption sites, and treatment for OUD. The Sidebar closes with a summary of selected proposals from the 117th and I 8th Congresses addressing other issues related to opioid regulation. Background on Opioid Regulation Opioids are subject to regulation under multiple provisions of federal and state law. At the federal level, prescription opioids are regulated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act). Many pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical opioids are controlled substances under the CSA. (Many other prescription drugs are not controlled substances.) Opioids are also often subject to state controlled substance laws. This Legal Sidebar focuses on regulation of opioids under the CSA. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov LSB10865 CRS Legal Sidebar Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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