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1 1 (January 13, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govekfn0001 and id is 1 raw text is: \Congressional ______ R esearch S rvice The Nineteenth Amendment and Women's Suffrage Part 6: Impacts Beyond the Supreme Court January 13, 2023 This Legal Sidebar is the last in a six-part series that discusses the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which recognized women's voting rights. Shortly before Election Day 2022, a group of people gathered in Rochester, New York, to honor the late social reformer and women's rights activist, Susan B. Anthony. About 150 years earlier, Anthony cast a ballot in the 1872 presidential election. She was arrested and charged with illegally voting as a woman in violation of federal law. She unsuccessfully claimed that the Fourteenth Amendment gave her the right to vote as a privilege of citizenship. A federal district court imposed a fine of $100 on Anthony, but she never paid it. As the nation marks the 150th anniversary of Anthony's vote-and the 2020 centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment's ratification- Congress may be interested in the history and impact of the women's suffrage movement and the Nineteenth Amendment. Additional information on this topic will be published in the Constitution Annotated: Analysis and Interpretation of the US Constitution. Although the Supreme Court has not decided many cases interpreting the Nineteenth Amendment, the Constitution's recognition of women's suffrage has had a significant impact throughout society. As the late Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg noted at an event celebrating the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment's ratification, the Amendment was the first step toward equal-citizenship stature for women in the political and civil spheres of public life. In the political domain, the Nineteenth Amendment changed voter demographics by adding millions of potential female voters to the electorate. As a result, many women immediately acquired a direct role in choosing their elected leaders and representatives for the first time. Nonetheless, many African American women and other female minority groups throughout the United States continued to face significant obstacles to voting after the Nineteenth Amendment's ratification. Another visible legacy of the Nineteenth Amendment has been an increase in the number of women holding public office. As a result of the suffrage movement, the Nineteenth Amendment, and other societal developments, the twentieth and twenty-first centuries witnessed a number of electoral firsts for women. These included Jeannette Rankin's 1916 election to the House of Representatives; Hattie Wyatt Caraway's 1932 election to the Senate; Nancy Pelosi's 2007 election as Speaker of the House; and Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov LSB10901 CRS Legal Sidebar Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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