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1 1 (January 6, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govekch0001 and id is 1 raw text is: paikCon gressionaI Research Service Ma~~ inforrning the legislative debate since 1914 Updated January 6, 2023 The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Background and FY2023 Appropriations Background The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in the Department of the Interior (DOI), provides scientific information about geologic processes to mitigate risks from natural hazards and to support the management of water, energy, mineral, ecosystem, and land resources. The USGS also collects long-term Earth observations to understand geologic processes, using satellite imagery, mapping, and ground- based instruments to measure water and other ecosystem changes. In contrast to some other DOI bureaus, the USGS has no regulatory authority and does not manage lands. Congress created the USGS in 1879 in the USGS Organic Act (43 U.S.C. §31) and defined the agency's initial scope. Since 1879, Congress has expanded the USGS's statutory authorities to include activities related to ecosystems and natural hazards. The USGS conducts scientific activities under interdisciplinary mission areas, and each mission area has its own budget line. The USGS also has budget lines for Science Support (administrative activities and information) and Facilities. Congress typically appropriates funds for the agency through annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations acts. FY2023 Annual Appropriations In P.L. 117-328, Congress appropriated $1.497 billion to the USGS for FY2023 under Division G, the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2023. FY2023 annual appropriations were $214.2 million below the FY2023 President's budget request of $1.711 billion and $102.8 million above the FY2022 enacted level of $1.394 billion (a 7% increase; Figure 1). For FY2023 annual appropriations, Congress increased funding for all mission areas compared with the FY2022 enacted level but provided less funding than the President requested for FY2023, except for Water Resources (Table 1). Congress included three congressionally directed spending items for the USGS totaling $2.1 million under a Special Initiatives line item. Congress also provided the USGS with supplemental appropriations for FY2023. Division N of P.L. 117-328 provided emergency appropriations of $41.0 million for USGS expenses related to natural disasters occurring in and prior to 2023. In addition, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58) provided emergency advance appropriations of $64.0 million for the USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (MRI) and $5.0 million for the National Geological and Geophysical Data Preservation Program. The IIJA funding is to support gathering scientific information on mineral resources. Figure 1. USGS Annual Appropriations, FY20 18-FY2023 (in millions) Anna Appropaon p 3-t $120 14 $1,11 $1,271 $0316 2 02 $0 Fiscal Year Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS), using enacted legislation. Amounts except FY2023 adjusted to FY2022 dollars using U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts, Table 1.1.9. Table 1. USGS Funding: FY2022 and FY2023 Annual Appropriations and FY2023 Budget Request (nominal $, in millions) Mission Area or FY2022 FY2023 FY2023 Budget Line Enacted Requested Enacted Ecosystems $277.9 $375.7 $307.2 Energy and $95.2 $147.0 $104.2 Mineral Resources Natural Hazards $186.0 $219.8 $200.3 Water Resources $285.9 $302.7 $304.4 Core Science $263.8 $348.8 $284.6 Systems Science Support $99.7 $129.2 $106.3 Facilities $184.8 $188.1 $188.1 Total $1,394.4 $1,711.3 $1,497.2 Sources: FY2023 U.S. Geological Survey Budget justification, P.L. 117-103, and P.L. 117-328. Notes: Table figures may not sum to totals shown due to rounding and congressionally directed spending items under Special Initiatives ($1.0 million in FY2022 and $2.1 million in FY2023).

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