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1 1 (January 3, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govejzz0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service informing the Iegislative debate since 1914 Updated January 3, 2023 A Brief Overview of FEMA's Individual Assistance Program When a disaster occurs, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may assist individuals with their recovery through the Individual Assistance (IA) program if the President authorizes such assistance pursuant to a declaration of emergency or major disaster under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; P.L. 93-288, as amended; codified at 42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq.). IA Programs FEMA may provide the following forms of IA: The Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program (CCP) provides grant funding to local, state, territory, and tribal governments, which may contract with local mental health service providers, for CCP services. The CCP assists individuals and communities through community-based outreach and the provision of psycho-educational services following an emergency or major disaster (42 U.S.C. §5183). Disaster Case Management (DCM) partners case managers with disaster survivors to develop and implement disaster recovery plans that address the survivor's unmet needs following a major disaster (42 U.S.C. §5189d). Disaster Legal Services (DLS) are provided for free to low-income individuals to assist them with securing benefits or making claims arising from a major disaster (42 U.S.C. §5182). Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA) provides unemployment benefits and re-employment assistance to individuals who are ineligible for regular unemployment insurance, and were previously employed or self-employed, and rendered jobless or whose employment was interrupted, as a direct result of a major disaster (42 U.S.C. §5177). The Individuals and Households Program (IHP) provides financial and/or direct assistance for housing, as well as financial assistance for other needs (referred to as Other Needs Assistance (ONA)), to eligible individuals and households who have uninsured or under-insured necessary expenses and serious needs resulting from an emergency or major disaster, which cannot be met through other means or forms of assistance (42 U.S.C. §5174). The federal government provides 100% of the funding for CCP, DUA, DLS, DCM, and IHP-Housing Assistance. IHP-ONA, however, is subject to a statutorily set 75% federal and 25% nonfederal cost share, borne by the state/territory/tribe. Figure 1 depicts the general timing of IA program delivery. For more information on FEMA's IA program, see CRS Report R46014, FEMA Individual Assistance Programs: An Overview. Figure I. Timeline of IA Program Delivery 'DCM(24nonths IH P (1 months `CP RSP (9 months from award noice) *DUA (26 weeks) a -((P ISP (60 days from IA approval) IHP-0N1: (P A (4 days) f Months from dedaration*-J L Emergency or Major Disaster Decaration Emergency Declaration Source: Developed by CRS based on Figure 3: Timeline of Individual Assistance Programs from the FEMA Individual Assistance Program and Policy Guide (IAPPG), v. I.1, FP 104-009-03, May 2021, p. I 1, https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_iappg- l.I.pdf. Notes: Additional acronyms are as follows: Blue Roof = Blue Roof Program; CCP ISP = Immediate Services Program; CCP RSP = Regular Services Program; CNA = Critical Needs Assistance (this is a form of IHP-ONA); and TSA = Transitional Sheltering Assistance. Blue Roof and TSA are authorized and funded through the FEMA Public Assistance program, and are forms of emergency work. FEMA may extend the period of assistance/performance if it is in the public interest, when requested by an affected state, territory, or tribe. Requesting and Authorizing lA There is no threshold or trigger that automatically authorizes IA. Federal assistance is intended to supplement-not supplant-the local, state, territory, or tribal government's response and recovery efforts. Thus, the governor of an affected state or territory or the chief executive of an affected tribal government must request that the President declare an emergency or major disaster authorizing IA. Using information submitted by the governor or chief executive in their major disaster declaration request, FEMA evaluates specific factors to determine whether there is a need for supplemental federal assistance to individuals (i.e., IA). FEMA then provides a

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