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1 1 (December 6, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govejqe0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Con gres&on I Ties informing I L Ii v~ (I )a 2rch Servh since 1914 Updated December 6, 2022 Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19 Beginning in 2020, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic had widespread economic, social, and political effects on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). From the start of the pandemic trough early December 2022, the region recorded 1.74 million deaths (over 26% of deaths worldwide). Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Colombia, and Argentina had the region's highest numbers of deaths. Looking at deaths per 100,000 people, Peru had the highest recorded COVID- 19 mortality rate in the region, followed by Chile, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina, Colombia, and Paraguay. Experts have expressed concerns that countries worldwide, including in LAC, have significantly undercounted deaths for various reasons, suggesting that COVID- 19 deaths in the region could be significantly higher. When the pandemic first surged in the region in 2020, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Director Dr. Carissa Etienne expressed concern about the poor and other vulnerable groups at greatest risk. In 2021, the PAHO director stated that the virus had deepened inequities that had long divided the region and exposed vulnerabilities in the rgion's health, economic, and social sectors. In October 2022, PAHO's director maintained that trends showed a potential transition of the pandemic from an acute phase into a phase of sustained control. She reported that over 70% of the population of LAC had been fully vaccinated but noted several countries and territories had yet to reach the 40% mark. As of early December 2022, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines had fully vaccinated less than 40% of their populations. Of these, the most extreme situation is in Haiti, wit just over 2% of its population fully vaccinated. PAHO has helped countries with their vaccination campaigns and has facilitated access to vaccines trough the COVID- 19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility, a mechanism developed by global healt organizations to facilitate equitable distribution of COVID- 19 vaccines; 22 countries in the region have signed agreements to access vaccines through the facility. In addition, 10 countries in the region-Bolivia, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines-benefit from the COVID-19 Vaccines Advance Market Commitment (COVAX AMX/C), launched by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, to provide donor- funded vaccines for low- and middle-income econoies. As of early December 2022, PAHO reported that over 151 million doses had been delivered through COVAX. LAC countries also have acquired COVID- 19 vaccines from other sources, including China, Russia, and India. The United States significantly ramped up vaccine donations to the region beginning in 2021 (see below). Table 1. COVID-19 Deaths, Mortality Rates, and Vaccinations in Latin American & Caribbean (countries with more than 1,000 deaths, as of Dec. 2, 2022) Fully Deaths per Vaccinated Country Deaths 100,000 (percentage) Brazil Mexico Peru Colombia Argentina Chile Ecuador Bolivia Guatemala Paraguay Honduras Costa Rica Cuba Panama Uruguay Venezuela Dom. Rep. Trinidad & Tobago El Salvador Jamaica Suriname Guyana Total LAC 689,945 330,525 217,414 141,881 130,025 62,484 35,940 22,248 19,952 19,621 11,051 9,038 8,530 8,526 7,537 5,828 4,384 4,267 4,230 3,399 1,393 1,285 1,743,723 324.59 258.64 659.39 278.84 287.69 326.86 203.71 190.59 111.37 275.09 111.57 177.42 75.31 197.60 216.97 20.50 40.41 76.91 62.56 80.99 69.60 82.28 91.29 78.55 49.98 48.33 33.93 48.82 87.77 80.18 70.84 82.34 50.24 54.92 304.90 65.22 114.79 237.46 163.37 66.27 50.81 23.11 40.50 46.25 Sources: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Coronavirus Resource Center, Mortality Analyses, December 2, 2022, at https://coronavirus.jh u.edu/data/mortality. Vaccination statistics are from josh Holder, Tracking Coronavirus Vaccinations Around the World, New York Times, updated December 2, 2022, at https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/202 I /world/covid-vaccinations- tracker.html. Note: Peru revised its official COVID-1 9 death toll in May 2021 to account for excess deaths attributed to COVID- 19 not previously counted, which tripled the country's reported death toll. 0

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