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1 1 (November 16, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govejkm0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ____ S£ Research Service !~nforrmng the Igslative debate sine 1914 Electric Power Transformers: Supply Issues November 16, 2022 Electric power transformers are fundamental components of the U.S. electric grid. They control the voltage of electricity so that it can be synchronized with other power supplies, transmitted long distances, and distributed to customers (Figure 1). Some utilities assert that they face transformer shortages due to a combination of historical supply constraints, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and severe weather events. Industry analysts warn that shortages may jeopardize electric service reliability, storm recovery, and grid expansion to accommodate anticipated growth in renewable electricity supplies. The Biden Administration and some Members of Congress have likewise expressed concern about transformer shortages and have taken actions to address them. Transformer supply challenges include access to emergency transformer reserves, domestic manufacturing capacity, and the availability of specialty steel. Figure I.Transformers in the Electric Power Grid Blue: Transmission G~reenr ODs rbution Black Generation Commercial Transmission Lines C m ¢ m or Industrial i -Customer SubdisatD Step-down Transformer Residential Dstribution Generator Transmission Customer p- ITransformer Step-Up Customer Transformer Source: Adapted by CRS from U.S.-Canada Power System Outage Task Force, Final Report on the August 14, 2003 Blackout in the United States and Canada: Causes and Recommendations, April 2004, Figure 2. 1. Transformer Supply Constraints Power transformers range in size from small, pole-mounted units that may serve a dozen homes to large substation units that may serve an entire city. In the past, interest among policymakers focused mostly on Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12048 ORS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress -

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