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1 1 (November 16, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govejkl0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ____ Sa Research Service Public Access to Scientific Publications Resulting from Federally Funded R&D November 16, 2022 The federal government invests approximately $160 billion each year in research and development (R&D) to address a broad range of national interests from advancing public health and protecting the environment to strengthening U.S. competitiveness. The dissemination of data and results from R&D activities through scientific publications is often considered to play a critical role in the production of innovative products and services. According to the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), U.S. researchers contributed approximately 464,000 of the 2.9 million peer-reviewed scientific articles published in science and engineering journals worldwide in 2020, representing about 16% of total output. OSTP estimates that between 195,000 and 263,000 of these articles were the result of federally funded R&D. According to the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers, the global scholarly publishing market contracted slightly in 2020 to $26.5 billion due to the coronavirus pandemic, and is expected to return to its pre-pandemic value of $28.0 billion by 2023. The U.S. publishers' share of global market revenue is 40%. A number of groups, including nonprofit organizations and research libraries, have advocated for increased open, or public, access to scientific publications and data resulting from federally funded R&D. The potential benefits of such access include increased transparency and rigor in the conduct of science; broader and more inclusive dissemination of scientific knowledge; more rapid innovation; and the creation of new products and services for public benefit. Potential challenges include the economic consequences for commercial and nonprofit scholarly publishers and the shifting of publishing costs from journal subscribers to researchers and the federal agencies that fund them. In 2013, OSTP directed federal agencies with annual R&D expenditures over $100 million to develop and implement plans to support increased public access to the results of federally funded R&D. The OSTP memorandum required, among other things, the use of a 12-month post-publication embargo period before making scientific publications publicly available. Currently, more than 20 federal agencies have public access plans. While there is general support for ensuring that unclassified basic and applied R&D is widely available for use by the public, the scientific community, and industry, the 12-month embargo period has been an Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12049 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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