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1 1 (October 25, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govejfo0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Terrorist and Other Militant Groups in Pakistan U.S. officials have identified Pakistan as a base of operations and/or target for numerous armed, nonstate militant groups, some of which have existed since the 1980s. Notable terrorist and other groups operating in and/or launching attacks on Pakistan are of five broad, but not exclusive types: (1) globally oriented; (2) Afghanistan- oriented; (3) India- and Kashmir-oriented; (4) domestically oriented; and (5) sectarian (anti-Shia). Twelve of the 15 groups listed below are designated as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs) under U.S. law and most, but not all, are animated by Islamist extremist ideology. Pakistan has suffered considerably fromdomestic terrorismsince 2003, and related fatalities peakedin 2009 (see Figure 1). Many observers predicted a resurgence ofregionalterrorismand militancy in the wake of the Afghan Taliban's August2021 takeover. Since 2019, after five consecutive years of declining fatality rates, the number of annual terrorism deaths in Pakistan is again on the rise, though remaining well below 2007-2015 levels. Figure I. Terrorism-Related Fatalities in Pakistan, 2001-2022 (through October20) Source: South Asia Terrorism Portal (New Delhi). According to the U.S. State Department's Country Reports on Terrorism 2020 (released in December 2021), Pakistan took steps in 2020 to counter terror financing and to restrain India-focused militant groups, and its government made limited progress on the most difficult aspects of its 2015 National Action Plan to counter terrorism.... The report notes the criminal conviction of severalhigh-profile terrorists, while conveying that Pakistan did not take steps under its domestic authorities to prosecute other terrorist leaders residing in Pakistan. It continues: Although Pakistan's nationalaction plan calls to 'ensure that no armed militias are allowed to function in the country,' several UN- and U.S.-designated terrorist groups that focus on attacks outside the country continued to operate from Pakistanisoilin 2020.... The government and military acted inconsistently with respect to terrorist s afe havens throughout the country. Authorities did not take sufficient action to dismantle certain terrorist groups. In 2018, the Paris -based intergovernmental Financial Action Task Force (FATF) returned Pakistanto its gray list of countries found to have strategic deficiencies in countering money laundering andterrorist financing (FATF's blacklist designates high-risk and non- cooperativejuris dictions). Observers saws uccessful completion of the FATF action plan as criticalto Pakistan's economic reformefforts and attractiveness to foreign investors, as well as for demonstrating sustained action against all militant groups based in Pakistan. In mid-2021, FATFreportedthatPakistan hadcompletedallbut one of 34 recommended action plan items. In October 2022, FATF as s essed that Pakistan had successfully addressed technical deficiencies and completed allaction items, and it removed the country fromthe gray list. Globaly Oriented Mitants Al Qaeda (AQ) core was established in 1988 in Afghanistan by Osamabin Laden and designated by the United States as an FTOin 1999. U.S.-led forces expelled AQfrom Afghanistan following the group's commission of the September2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. AQ subsequently operated primarily from the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA, now incorporatedinto Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province; seeFigure 2) and in the megacity of Karachi, as well as in Afghanistan. Bin Laden was killed in a May 2011 raid by U.S. specialforces in Abbottabad, Pakistan, and was succeededby Ayman al-Zawahiri. In July 2022, Zawahiri was killed in a U.S.-launched airstrike on Kabul, Afghanistan; a successorhas yet to be named. While AQ currently lacks an operational capability in Afghanistan, U.S. officials assess that the group intends to reconstitute its ability to conduct external attacks fromAfghan territory. Figure 2. Map of Pakistan Sources: CRS. Boundaries from U.S. Department of State and ESRI. Updated October 25,2022

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