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1 1 (September 30, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/goveiyu0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Con r s ~cmnaI Research Service drib in I L I iv~ dna e '01914 September 30, 2022 National Counterproliferation and Biosecurity Center The National Counterproliferation and Biosecurity Center (NCBC), originally established by Congress in 2005 as the National Counter Proliferation Center (NCPC), is one of three mission centers within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), along with the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) and the National Counterintelligence and Security Center (NCSC). Since its establishment, NCBC has been the primary U.S. intelligence organization managing the collection, analysis, and dissemination of intelligence on the proliferation of nuclear, biological, radiological, and chemical weapons of mass destruction (WMD), their technologies, materials, expertise, and delivery systems. In the context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic, Congress has expressed interest in improving collaboration among experts inside and outside the government on matters relating to public health emergencies. Congress enacted Section 401 of the Intelligence Authorization Act (IAA) for Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 (Division X of P.L. 117-103) to provide NCPC with a new biosecurity mission. This provision amended the National Security Act of 1947 to rename NCPC as the National Counterproliferation and Biosecurity Center, and expanded the Center's authorities to include management of intelligence on emerging foreign biological threats, including diseases with pandemic potential. Background The rationale for establishing an intelligence center dedicated to managing and integrating intelligence on proliferation of WMD developed from incidents that underscored the threat to U.S. national security of terrorists using these weapons. In 1995, the Aum Shinrikyo sarin nerve agent attack on the Tokyo subway, which killed 14 people and wounded thousands, led to President William J. Clinton to issue Presidential Decision Directive (PDD) 39, U.S. Policy on Counterterrorism. PDD 39, in part, directed government departments and agencies to take protective measures against terrorist use of WMD and stated that: The United States shall give the highest priority to developing effective capabilities to detect, prevent defeat and manage the consequences of nuclear, biological or chemical (NBC) materials or weapons use by terrorists. Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (the 9/11 Commission) recommended establishing a national intelligence center to manage intelligence related to WMD proliferation. On February 6, 2004, in response to the debate over the apparently erroneous 2002 intelligence assessment that Saddam Hussein possessed chemical weapons at that time, President George W. Bush signed Executive Order (E.O.) 13328 establishing the Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction (the WMD Commission). Among the Commission's recommendations included establishment of a National Counter Proliferation Center to play a management and coordination function by overseeing analysis and collection on nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons across the Intelligence Community. Acting on the Commission's recommendation, Congress established the National Counteproliferation Center in 2005 through a provision of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) of 2004 (P.L. 108-458, codified as 50 U.S.C. §3057). NC BC Overview The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) appoints the NCBC director, who reports directly to the DNI. The NCBC director is the intelligence community's manager for WMD, responsible for advising the DNI on WMD issues, and overseeing requirements and coordinating collection and analysis on WMD-related intelligence from different elements of the intelligence community. NCBC's organization includes four directorates: the Directorate of Resource Management and Investment, the Directorate of Intelligence Integration, the Directorate of Interdiction and Counterproliferation Facilitation, and the Directorate of Advanced Concepts and Tradecraft. Together, these directorates focus on five mission areas (see Figure 1). Figure I. NCBC Mission Areas Source: CRS graphic based on 50 U.S.C. 3057. WM D Counterprolieration Support The initial focus of the Center was the threat of the use of WMD by foreign terrorists or government adversaries. The Center is the primary organization in the United States to manage the integration of intelligence on the proliferation of WMD, their delivery systems, technology and materials. The Center's statutory responsibilities include: * ensuring full access to intelligence supporting counterproliferation programs, and disseminating timely intelligence on proliferation threats to the President, Congress, and appropriate departments and agencies;

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