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1 1 (September 3, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/govehiv0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congr &sonaI Research SerVic informing K egsaive d ba e sne 1914 S Updated September 3, 2021 Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having widespread economic, social, and political effects on Latin America and the Caribbean. As of September 1, 2021, the region had 43.3 million confirmed cases (almost 21% of cases worldwide) and more than 1.4 million deaths (almost 32% of deaths worldwide). Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Colombia, and Argentina had the region's highest numbers of deaths. Looking at mortality (death) rates per 100,000 population, Peru had the highest recorded COVID-19 mortality rate in the region, followed by Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Paraguay (see Table 1). In its weekly press briefing on the pandemic on August 25, 2021, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) reported that COVID-19 infections continued across Latin America and the Caribbean, with Mexico and Brazil having the highest number of cases and many Central American countries experiencing a rise in infections. Although hospitalizations were decreasing in much of South America, PAHO reported that infections remained high. In the Caribbean, PAHO reported steep increases in new infections and deaths in Jamaica and some smaller islands, such as Dominica and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. In its September 1 briefing, PAHO noted high rates of infection in Belize, Costa Rica, St. Lucia, and Suriname. Since the start of the pandemic, PAHO's director has expressed concern about the poor and other vulnerable groups at greatest risk, including those living in the Amazon Basin, particularly Indigenous communities; women, who comprise 70% of the health workforce; people of African descent; migrants in temporary settlements; and prisoners in crowded jails. The rollout of vaccines has varied considerably, and there is concern that widespread vaccine access in some countries could be delayed until 2022 or 2023, making populations vulnerable to new waves and more transmittable variants of the virus. According to PAHO's director, as of September 1, 2021, 25% of the population of Latin America and the Caribbean had been fully vaccinated. Chile and Uruguay were leaders in the region, with 72% of their populations fully vaccinated. In contrast, countries with less than 10% of their populations fully vaccinated included Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua, and Haiti, which had less than 0.1% of its population fully vaccinated (See Table 1.) PAHO has helped countries prepare for vaccine rollout and has facilitated access to vaccines through the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility, a mechanism developed by global health organizations to facilitate equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines; 22 countries in the region have signed agreements to access vaccines through the facility. In addition, 10 countries in the region-Bolivia, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines-are eligible to benefit from the COVID-19 Vaccines Advance Market Commitment (COVAX AMC), launched by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, to provide donor- funded vaccines for low- and middle-income economies. Table I. COVID-19 Deaths, Mortality Rates, and Vaccinations in Latin American & Caribbean (countries with more than 1,000 deaths, as of Sept. I, 2021) Deaths per Fully Country Deaths 100,000 Vaccinated (percentage) Brazil 580,413 275.01 29.10 Mexico 259,326 203.27 26.59 Peru 198,263 609.84 25.10 Colombia 124,945 248.20 29.17 Argentina 111,812 248.81 32.02 Chile 36,937 194.9 72.06 Ecuador 32,244 185.59 49.28 Bolivia 18,452 160.27 23.04 Paraguay 15,767 223.82 23.59 Guatemala 11,926 71.83 7.21 Honduras 8,850 90.81 13.42 Panama 7,061 166.28 38.45 Uruguay 6,032 174.25 72.46 Costa Rica 5,506 109.08 24.16 Cuba 5,303 46.79 33.00 Venezuela 4,010 14.06 11.70 Dom. Rep. 4,008 37.32 43.38 El Salvador 2,918 45.22 42.74 Jamaica 1,518 51.49 4.90 Trinidad & 1,291 92.55 28.61 Tobago Total LAC 1,439,648 - - Source: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Coronavirus Resource Center, Vaccination Progress Across the World, at https://coronavirus.jh u.edu/vaccines/international, and Mortality Analyses, at https://coronavirus.jh u.edu/data/mortality, Sept. 1, 2021. For Cuba, the vaccination data source is Josh Holder, Tracking Coronavirus Vaccinations Around the World, New York Times, Sept. I, 2021.

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