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1 1 (November 15, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/govehit0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Ser¼k nfo rming Ih Ieg iltive d bat sin 'o 1914 Updated November 15, 2021 Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having widespread economic, social, and political effects on Latin America and the Caribbean. As of November 12, 2021, the region had over 46 million confirmed cases (18.3% of cases worldwide) and more than 1.5 million deaths (30.1% of deaths worldwide). Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Colombia, and Argentina had the region's highest numbers of deaths. Looking at deaths per 100,000 people, Peru had the highest recorded COVID-19 mortality rate in the region, followed by Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Paraguay (see Table 1). In its November 10, 2021, weekly press briefing on the pandemic, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) reported that COVID-19 infections, after declining over the past two months, were increasing in some countries in the Americas. In South America, PAHO reported increased cases in parts of Colombia and Bolivia and noted that, in Southern Cone countries, there was an upward trend in cases after public health measures had been relaxed. In the Caribbean, PAHO reported rising cases in Barbados, the Dominican Republic, and Trinidad and Tobago and noted Dominica was experiencing a high number of cases. Since the start of the pandemic, PAHO's director has expressed concern about the poor and other vulnerable groups at greatest risk, including those living in the Amazon Basin, particularly Indigenous communities; women, who comprise 70% of the health workforce; people of African descent; migrants in temporary settlements; and prisoners in crowded jails. The rollout of vaccines has varied considerably. According to PAHO's director, as of November 10, 2021, 48% of the population of Latin America and the Caribbean had been fully vaccinated, although coverage was significantly lower in almost half of the region's countries. Chile and Uruguay were leaders in the region, with 76%-82% of their populations fully vaccinated as of November 12. Countries with less than 20% of their populations fully vaccinated included Haiti, Jamaica, Nicaragua, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Of these, Haiti had the lowest rate in the hemisphere, with less than 1% fully vaccinated. PAHO has helped countries prepare for vaccine rollout and has facilitated access to vaccines through the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility, a mechanism developed by global health organizations to facilitate equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines; 22 countries in the region have signed agreements to access vaccines through the facility. In addition, 10 countries in the region-Bolivia, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines-are eligible to benefit from the COVID-19 Vaccines Advance Market Commitment (COVAX AMC), launched by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, to provide donor- funded vaccines for low- and middle-income economies. Table I. COVID-19 Deaths, Mortality Rates, and Vaccinations in Latin American & Caribbean (countries with more than 1,000 deaths, as of Nov. 12, 2021) Fully Deaths per Vaccinated Country Deaths 100,000 (percentage) Brazil 610,224 289.14 59.80 Mexico 290,630 227.81 49.29 Peru 200,554 616.89 48.78 Colombia 127,680 253.64 44.20 Argentina 116,209 258.59 60.04 Chile 37,917 200.07 82.34 Ecuador 32,989 189.88 59.54 Bolivia 18,998 165.01 33.99 Paraguay 16,273 231.00 33.79 Guatemala 15,627 94.12 21.10 Honduras 10,349 106.19 35.43 Cuba 8,278 73.04 69.56 Panama 7,338 172.80 56.17 Costa Rica 7,190 142.45 57.90 Uruguay 6,097 176.13 76.03 Venezuela 4,996 17.52 32.51 Dom. Rep. 4,158 38.72 50.59 El Salvador 3,709 57.47 61.47 Jamaica 2,302 78.08 15.74 Trinidad & 1,818 130.33 44.68 Tobago Suriname 1,126 193.68 35.94 Total LAC 1,528,417 - - Sources: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Coronavirus Resource Center, Vaccination Progress Across the World, at https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/vaccines/international, and Mortality Analyses, at https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality, Nov. 12, 2021. Note: Peru revised its official COVID-19 death toll in May 2021 to account for excess deaths attributed to COVID-19 not previously counted, which tripled the country's reported death toll.

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