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1 1 (January 21, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govehis0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congress&onaI Resedrch Ser/ce informing he~ eilive dIate sino 19 14 0 Updated January 21, 2022 Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having widespread economic, social, and political effects on Latin America and the Caribbean. As of January 19, 2022, the region had almost 1.57 million deaths (28.2% of deaths worldwide). Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Colombia, and Argentina had the region's highest numbers of deaths. Looking at deaths per 100,000 people, Peru had the highest recorded COVID-19 mortality rate in the region, followed by Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Paraguay (see Table 1). In its January 19, 2022, weekly press briefing on the pandemic, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) reported that COVID-19 infections were increasing in most countries in the region because of the Omicron variant. In Central America, Panama, Costa Rica, and Honduras reported the highest numbers of new cases. Caribbean islands had the steepest increase in infections since the pandemic began. Infections also were increasing throughout South America. PAHO maintains that although Omicron infections are milder, the virus spreads more easily and can be lethal for the immunocompromised and the unvaccinated. Since the start of the pandemic, PAHO's director has expressed concern about the poor and other vulnerable groups at greatest risk, including those living in the Amazon Basin, particularly Indigenous communities; women, who comprise 70% of the health workforce; people of African descent; migrants in temporary settlements; and prisoners in crowded jails. According to PAHO, as of January 19, 2022, more than 60% of the population of Latin America and the Caribbean had been fully vaccinated. As of mid-January 2022, Chile, Cuba, Uruguay, Argentina, and Ecuador were leaders in the region, with 75%-88% of their populations fully vaccinated (with two doses), but 10 regional countries had vaccination rates of less than 40%. The countries with the lowest vaccination rates were Haiti (less than 1%), Jamaica (20%), and St. Vincent and the Grenadines (almost 24%). PAHO has helped countries prepare for vaccine rollout and has facilitated access to vaccines through the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility, a mechanism developed by global health organizations to facilitate equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines; 22 countries in the region have signed agreements to access vaccines through the facility. In addition, 10 countries in the region-Bolivia, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines-are eligible to benefit from the COVID-19 Vaccines Advance Market Commitment (COVAX AMC), launched by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, to provide donor- funded vaccines for low- and middle-income economies. Table 1. COVID-19 Deaths, Mortality Rates, and Vaccinations in Latin American & Caribbean (countries with more than 1,000 deaths, as of Jan. 19, 2022) Fully Deaths per Vaccinated Country Deaths 100,000 (percentage) Brazil Mexico Peru Colombia Argentina Chile Ecuador Bolivia Paraguay Guatemala Honduras Cuba Panama Costa Rica Uruguay Venezuela Dom. Rep. El Salvador Trinidad & Tobago Jamaica Suriname Guyana 621,803 301,469 203,645 131,268 118,420 39,427 34,232 20,291 16,844 16,191 10,457 8,345 7,545 7,425 6,253 5,383 4,269 3,837 3,224 2,551 1,221 1,101 294.62 236.31 626.40 260.77 263.51 208.04 197.03 176.24 239.10 97.51 107.29 73.63 177.68 147.10 180.63 18.88 39.75 59.46 231.12 86.53 210.02 140.66 69.91 59.42 68.69 59.46 75.37 88.57 75.29 43.29 43.22 30.28 44.96 86.22 58.58 71.89 77.60 40.71 53.52 64.54 48.75 20.33 39.80 38.76 Total LAC 1,568,603 - - Sources: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Coronavirus Resource Center, Vaccination Progress Across the World, at https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/vaccines/international, and Mortality Analyses, at https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality, Jan. 19, 2022. Note: Peru revised its official COVID-19 death toll in May 2021 to account for excess deaths attributed to COVID-19 not previously counted, which tripled the country's reported death toll.

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