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1 1 (May 4, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govehir0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Sentk nformning Ih Ieg iltive d bat sin 'o 1914 Updated May 4, 2022 Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having widespread economic, social, and political effects on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). As of May 3, 2022, the region had nearly 1.7 million deaths (over 27% of deaths worldwide). Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Colombia, and Argentina had the region's highest numbers of deaths. Looking at deaths per 100,000 people, Peru had the highest recorded COVID-19 mortality rate in the region, followed by Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Colombia, and Trinidad and Tobago (see Table 1). In its May 3, 2022, weekly epidemiological update on the pandemic, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) reported that cases increased in the Caribbean and Central America compared with the previous week but decreased in Mexico and South America. PAHO also reported that deaths decreased in Mexico and Central America but increased in South America (driven by Brazil and Chile) and in the Caribbean; but PAHO noted that some reported deaths in the Caribbean were historical deaths reclassified as COVID-19 deaths. Since the start of the pandemic, PAHO's director has expressed concern about the poor and other vulnerable groups at greatest risk, including those living in the Amazon Basin, particularly Indigenous communities; women, who comprise 70% of the health workforce; people of African descent; migrants in temporary settlements; and prisoners in crowded jails. According to PAHO, more than 66% of the population of Latin America and the Caribbean had been fully vaccinated as of April 20, 2022. The World Health Organization has set a goal for countries to achieve a 70% vaccination rate by mid-2022. As of early May 2022, however, although nine LAC countries had fully vaccinated over 70% of their populations, four Caribbean countries-Haiti, Jamaica, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines-had less than 30% fully vaccinated. Of these, the most concerning is Haiti, which had just over 1% of its population fully vaccinated. Another eight LAC countries had fully vaccinated less than half of their populations. Vaccine hesitancy has been a challenge in several countries. PAHO has helped countries prepare for vaccine rollout and has facilitated access to vaccines through the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility, a mechanism developed by global health organizations to facilitate equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines; 22 countries in the region have signed agreements to access vaccines through the facility. In addition, 10 countries in the region-Bolivia, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grrenadines-benefit from the COVTD-19 Vaccines Advance Market Commitment (COVAX AMC), launched by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, to provide donor-funded vaccines for low- and middle-income economies. Table 1. COVID-19 Deaths, Mortality Rates, and Vaccinations in Latin American & Caribbean (countries with more than 1,000 deaths, as of May 3, 2022) Fully Deaths per Vaccinated Country Deaths 100,000 (percentage) Brazil Mexico Peru Colombia Argentina Chile Ecuador Bolivia Paraguay Guatemala Honduras Cuba Costa Rica Panama Uruguay Venezuela Dom. Rep. El Salvador Trinidad & Tobago Jamaica Suriname Guyana Total LAC 663,838 324,350 212,865 139,797 128,653 57,541 35,598 21,923 18,870 17,613 10,893 8,527 8,405 8,185 7,203 5,709 4,376 4,128 3,833 2,967 1,328 1,228 1,691,707 76.91 62.56 80.99 69.60 82.28 91.29 312.31 253.81 645.60 274.74 284.66 301.01 201.77 187.81 264.56 98.31 109.98 75.28 164.99 189.70 207.36 20.08 40.34 63.64 273.89 100.20 226.38 156.12 78.55 49.98 48.33 33.93 48.82 87.77 80.18 70.84 82.34 50.24 54.92 66.27 50.81 23.11 40.50 46.25 Sources: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Coronavirus Resource Center, Vaccination Progress Across the World, at https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/vaccines/international, and Mortality Analyses, at https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality, May 3, 2022. Note: Peru revised its official COVID-19 death toll in May 2021 to account for excess deaths attributed to COVID-19 not previously counted, which tripled the country's reported death toll.

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