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1 1 (May 2, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govegar0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service Inforrning the legislative debate since 1914 Updated May 2, 2022 Army Corps of Engineers: FY2022 Appropriations Congress generally funds the civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in annual Energy and Water Development appropriations acts. These activities include the planning and construction of authorized water resource projects and the operation and maintenance of infrastructure and navigation improvements managed by USACE. For USACE civil works, President Biden requested $6.79 billion for FY2022, which was $547 million above FY2021 enacted. Since FY2013, Congress has funded USACE above the President's request. For FY2022, Congress provided $8.34 billion (19% above the FY2022 request and 7% above FY2021 enacted level) in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division D, Title I of P.L. 117-103). In 2021, Congress also provided USACE with $22.81 billion in supplemental appropriations in P.L. 117-43 and P.L. 117-58 (see CRS In Focus IF 11945, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Supplemental Appropriations). Of these supplemental funds, $20.68 billion were made available in FY2022. USACE Funding Unlike many of the federal agencies that support infrastructure investments by distributing funds to nonfederal entities by formula or through competitive grant programs, USACE commits funds directly for project planning and construction. It uses most of its appropriations for work on specific studies and projects authorized by Congress. The costs for these activities are often shared with nonfederal project sponsors or users. For more on the USACE appropriations process and related issues, see CRS Report R46320, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Annual Appropriations Process and Issues for Congress. As did budget requests by previous Administrations, a majority of President Biden's FY2022 USACE budget request would have funded existing infrastructure through the operations and maintenance (O&M) account. Congress provided 55% of FY2022 USACE appropriations through the O&M account, which included an increase of $720 million in FY2022 compared with FY2021. Congress provided less funding for four accounts in the enacted FY2022 annual appropriations compared with FY2021 (e.g., $200 million less for the Construction account; see Figure 1). Pursuant to direction in the joint explanatory statement that accompanied P.L. 117-103 enactment, Congress funded a limited number of new studies and projects (referred to as new starts); these included the Administration's request for seven new studies and four new construction projects. Figure I .USACE Annual Appropriations by Account, FY20 18-FY2022 (nominal $, in billions) $s. 0 WIFIA $8.0 u=xpenses & ASA $704 egulatory ood Control and $5. < ) oastal Emergencies $4.0$t<~\<d!. 81> V> USRAP pi River& perations & Maintenance $1.0 U onstruction 0.0-- U Investigations 00 si n - ' - >- >- >- -- Source: CRS, based on enacted appropriations laws. Notes: ASA = Assistant Secretary of the Army; FUSRAP = Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program; Regulatory = Regulatory Program; WIFIA = Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act. Congressionally Directed Funding The 117th Congress included congressionally directed funding for site-specific studies and projects in the FY2022 appropriations process. From the 112th to the 116th Congresses, moratorium policies limited congressionally directed funding of these studies and projects, which are sometimes referred to as earmarks. For FY2022, in addition to providing funds for the President's requested studies and projects, Congress in the joint explanatory statement (1) funded geographically specific studies and projects that were requested by Members of Congress (i.e., community project funding/congressionally directed spending, CPF/CDS) and (2) provided funds in broad categories (referred to as additionalfunding), such as shore protection, and directed USACE to develop a work plan for distributing funds to individual studies and projects (as had been the case in the 112th- 116th Congresses). Congress did not provide the Administration with authority to initiate additional new starts beyond those listed in the explanatory statement with FY2022 work plan appropriations. Additional funding in FY2022 totaled $782 million, down from $2.25 billion in FY2021 (Figure 2). CPF/CDS, which were not part of FY2021 appropriations, totaled $584 million in FY2022. While most CPF/CDS requests by Members were included in FY2022 enacted appropriations, some CPF/CDS items included in the FY2022 House and Senate bills were funded at a lower level than requested or not included in the enacted hill.

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