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1 1 (June 9, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govefwd0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service informing the legislative debate since 1914 0 June 9, 2022 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FY2022 Appropriations With congressional approval, the Nixon Administration established the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under executive branch Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970. This reorganization consolidated numerous federal pollution control responsibilities that had been divided among several federal agencies. Over time, EPA's authorities have grown as Congress has enacted numerous environmental statutes and major amendments to these statutes. EPA's primary responsibilities have evolved to include the regulation of air quality, water quality, and chemicals in commerce; development of regulatory criteria for the management and disposal of solid and hazardous waste; regulation of underground storage tanks; remediation of environmental contamination; and other activities related to pollution control. Although EPA sets uniform pollution control standards and regulations on a national level, the implementation and enforcement of many of these standards and regulations are delegated to the states and tribes. EPA also provides financial assistance to states, tribes, and local governments to aid them in administering delegated pollution control programs, complying with certain federal environmental requirements, and financing drinking water and wastewater infrastructure. Since FY2006, Congress has funded EPA in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bills. FY2022 Appropriations Enacted on March 15, 2022, Division G, Title II of P.L. 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, provided a total of $9.56 billion in discretionary funding for EPA for FY2022. Division J, Title VI of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58), enacted on November, 15, 2021, provided an additional $60.89 billion for EPA in emergency supplemental appropriations. This total included $14.06 billion for FY2022. The balance of the funds, $46.83 billion, were advance appropriations for FY2023 through FY2026. Advance appropriations become available for obligation in future fiscal years. The FY2022 amounts in this In Focus include the IIJA appropriations. See the discussion of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act below for further explanation of this funding. The total of EPA FY2022 regular and supplemental appropriations is $23.62 billion, $14.38 billion (155.7%) more than the $9.24 billion in FY2021 enacted appropriations (including rescissions). EPA FY2022 regular enacted appropriations of $9.56 billion were $1.67 billion (14.9%) less than the President's FY2022 regular budget request of $11.23 billion and $322.3 million (3.5%) more than FY2021 enacted appropriations (including recessions). Prior to the enactment of P.L. 117-103, multiple continuing resolutions funded EPA. From the beginning of FY2022, EPA (and other federal departments and agencies) operated under the terms and conditions of a series of four continuing resolutions, generally at FY2021 enacted levels. Figure 1 presents trends in requested and enacted appropriations for 11 fiscal years from FY2012 through FY2022. Figure I. EPA Requested and Enacted Appropriations FY20 1 2-FY2022 (Not Adjusted for Inflation) 5 Requested U Enacted $30 Nominal $ in billions $20- $10 $0 r. L -' r4 r4 r4 s r4 rt C4 .- -4 N UlEI LL U @I LL It LL. LL It &L LL Source: CRS, using information from the Congressional Record; House, Senate, and conference committee reports. Enacted amounts reflect rescissions and supplemental appropriations. E PA A ppropriations Accounts Funding for discretionary spending is annually appropriated to EPA among 10 statutory accounts established by Congress over time. These include State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG), Environmental Programs and Management (EPM), Hazardous Substance Superfund (Superfund), Science and Technology (S&T), Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Program, Buildings and Facilities, Office of Inspector General, Inland Oil Spill Program, Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest System Fund, and Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program accounts. As indicated in Figure 2, the proportional distribution of funding among these accounts has remained similar for more than a decade, except for FY2022 with IIJA supplemental appropriations. Historically, the STAG and EPM accounts have received the largest share of funding, followed by the Superfund and S&T accounts. The STAG account funds grants for water infrastructure, brownfields site assessment and remediation, diesel emissions reduction, targeted airsheds, and categorical grants to delegated states and tribes for implementing pollution control programs. The EPM account funds additional grants and

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