About | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline
LOG IN
LOG IN

1 1 (March 10, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govefju0001 and id is 1 raw text is: aCongressional SResearch Service informing the Iegislative debate since 1914___________________ Invasion of Ukraine: Russia's Trade Status, Tariffs, and WTO Issues March 10, 2022 Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the United States and its allies imposed financial sanctions and taken trade actions. Some Members of Congress have introduced legislation (e.g., H.R. 6835, H.R. 6905, H.R. 7014, S. 3725, S. 3717, S. 3786) to revoke Russia's permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status, which provides unconditional nondiscriminatory, most-favored nation (MFN) treatment to goods and services traded with Russia. The proposals would suspend PNTR with Russia (and Belarus); seek to suspend Russia's membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO); and provide authority to restore PNTR under certain conditions. Removing Russia's PNTR status would increase applicable import duties on U.S. imports from Russia, potentially impacting certain sectors reliant on Russian inputs and raising issues under U.S. WTO obligations. Background During 1992-2012, Russia's normal trade relations (NTR) status was annually renewed under Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974. The Act requires the President to deny NTR status to any country that did not have it at the time of the law's enactment on January 3, 1975, essentially covering nonmarket economy countries (the Soviet Union and other Communist countries). It further denies NTR status as long as the country denies its citizens the right to freedom of emigration under Section 402 of the Act (the so-called Jackson-Vanik amendment). Congress enacted the amendment in response to restrictive emigration policies the Soviet Union implemented in 1972. Amending Russia's trade status was tied to its accession to the WTO in August 2012. WTO rules generally require each member to provide unconditional MFN treatment (i.e., a member's lowest tariff or best trade concession) to all WTO members. To comply with WTO rules and ensure the United States benefited from the terms of Russia's WTO membership (e.g., market access commitments), Congress passed legislation in December 2012 that removed the applicability of the Jackson-Vanik amendment and provided the President authority to extend PNTR to Russia. Proposed legislation to remove Russia's PNTR status would re-apply Title IV restrictions and procedures to Russia for purposes of reinstating NTR. Other bills would add new conditions that Russia would be required to meet before regaining such status. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11881 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

What Is HeinOnline?

HeinOnline is a subscription-based resource containing thousands of academic and legal journals from inception; complete coverage of government documents such as U.S. Statutes at Large, U.S. Code, Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. Reports, and much more. Documents are image-based, fully searchable PDFs with the authority of print combined with the accessibility of a user-friendly and powerful database. For more information, request a quote or trial for your organization below.



Short-term subscription options include 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week to HeinOnline.

Purchase Access

Contact us for annual subscription options:

Contact Us

Already a HeinOnline Subscriber?

Log In

profiles profiles most