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1 1 (October 13, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/goveeqf0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional & Research Service 2021 Hurricane Outlook and Review of 2020 Hurricane Season October 13, 2021 The potential for widespread storm destruction to the United States underscores the value of timely tropical cyclone forecasts. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is responsible for issuing tropical cyclone forecasts, including track, intensity, storm surge, and rainfall. NOAA defines a tropical cyclone as a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or subtropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. According to NOAA, tropical cyclones include Tropical depressions-maximum sustained winds of < 38 miles per hour (mph). Tropical storms-maximum sustained winds of 39-73 mph. NOAA typically names a storm once it reaches this strength. Hurricanes-maximum sustained winds of> 74 mph, corresponding to a category 1 or 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Hurricanes are called typhoons or cyclones in other parts of the world. Major hurricanes-maximum sustained winds of > 111 mph, corresponding to a category 3, 4, or 5. NOAA releases seasonal hurricane outlooks relevant to the United States, including the north Atlantic, eastern Pacific, and central Pacific oceans, before each hurricane season begins. Although outlook titles refer to hurricanes, outlooks include information on potential named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes. The Atlantic and central Pacific seasons run from June 1 through November 30; the eastern Pacific season begins May 15. Tropical cyclones, however, may form outside of these timefranes. In August, NOAA typically updates the Atlantic outlook but not the Pacific outlooks. Multiple nonfederal entities also publish outlooks. These forecasts rely, in part, on NOAA's collected and shared information. 2021 Hurricane Season Outlooks In May 2021, NOAA issued its initial 2021 Atlantic hurricane outlook (Table 1), indicating a 60% likelihood of an above-normal season rather than a near- (30%) or below-normal season (10%). The predicted number of named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes was similar to the number initially predicted for the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, but NOAA forecasters did not expect 2021 to be as Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11775

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