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1 1 (July 23, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/goveecz0001 and id is 1 raw text is: I $ hr H rnYg h 141 e A ~n 9 Updated July 23, 2021 Overview of the Global Humanitarian and Displacement Crisis Humanitarian and displacement crises worldwidehave become significantly worse in the past five years. The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated humanitarian need. In addition, the lockdowns and economic recession caused by the pandemic created far-reaching secondary impacts such as increased food insecurity, gender-based violence, and poverty, and reduced access to education andhealth. The UnitedNations (U.N.) anticipates thatglobally more than 238 million people will require humanitarian assistance and protection due to conflict, disaster, and thepandemic in 2021 (a near 30% increase over 2020). The United States is the single largest humanitarian and emergency food assistance donor, consistently providing nearly one-third of total as sistance worldwide (more than $9.6billion in FY2021, excluding American Relief Plan Act funds). Types of Crises and Affected Populations As oflate 2020 (latest global data available), more than 82.4 million people were forcibly displaced worldwide due to armed conflict, widespread or indiscriminate violence, or human rights violations. According to the United Nations, those displaced included 26.4 million refugees, 4.1 million asylumseekers, 48 million Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), and 3.9 million Venezuelans displaced abroad. An estimated 10 million people remained stateless. (See definitions ofkey populations of concern below.) Key Populations of Concern Asylum-seekers, who flee their home country, seek sanctuary in another state where they applyfor asylum (i.e., the right to be recognized as a refugee). They may receive legal protection and assistance while their formal status is determined. Refugees, who have fled their country of origin because of a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, or membership in a particular social or political group. Refugees are unwilling or unable to avail themselves of the protection of their home government due to fears of persecution. Once granted refugee status, a person has certain rights and protections under international law. Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), who have been forced from their homes, often for many of the same reasons as refugees, but have not crossed an international border. Stateless persons, who are not considered to be citizens of any state under national laws. Vulnerable migrants, who are often forced to flee circumstances in their country of origin (such as generalized violence, food insecurity, and environmental change) but do not qualify as refugees. tps://crsreport Natural dis asters and climate-related impacts further affect millions of people a year. They oftenrequire urgent and prolonged assistance due to sudden events (such as earthquakes or storms) or protracted ones (like drought conditions). On average, dis asters displace 26 million people annually. Some populations move voluntarily, while others haveto flee. Economic migrants, who oftenleave poverty and unemploymentto seekbetter livelihood opportunities or family reunification, numbered approximately 281 million in 2020 (roughly 3.6% ofthe world's population). Refugees and others forcibly displaced, including vulnerable migrants, often face a different set of circumstances. They are forced to leave theirhomes forreasons such as ethnic strife, violence, human rights violations, or natural disasters. In 2020, more than two-thirds (68%) of all refugees and Venezuelans displaced abroad came fromfive countries (the same reported in 2019): Syria, Venezuela, Afghanistan, South Sudan, and Burma. (See Figure 1 for worldwide snapshot of forced displacement.) Figure 1. Refugees/Asylum Seekers and IDPs Refugees and asvlum-seekers up to 3514 SM in populatic up to ,, 6 5M on t hI5 Source: Created by CRS usingglobal dataavailable from UN HCR. Notes: Smallest map values begin at 470,000. US. Policy The United States is a major contributor to international humanitarian relief efforts, with funding provided through the U.S. Agency for International Development, the .congress.gov

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