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1 1 (June 22, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/govedtc0001 and id is 1 raw text is: I F4ese~irch Service doirnir~j itw k ~isIdt4v# Jrb~n~ ~sin e Thf14 June 22, 2021 Production, Marketing, and Regulation of Hemp Products Changes enacted in the Agriculture Improvenent Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-334; 2018 farmbill) removed long-standing federal restrictions on the cultivation ofhemp. Hemp is a form of Cannabis sativa, the same plant as marijuana, grown for non-psychoactive purposes. It is an agricultural crop regulated by the U.S. Departmentof Agriculture (USDA). Although USDA regulates hemp production, the 2018 farm bill explicitly preserved the authority of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cos metic Act (FFDCA, 21 U.S.C. § §301 et s eq.) over certain hemp -derived products. Leading Hemp Markets Hemp is grown for use in the production of a wide range of products, including foods and beverages, cosmetics and personal care products, nutritional supplements, fabrics and textiles, yarns and fibers, paper, construction and insulation materials, and other industrial and manufactured goods. There are three leading markets forhemp, each based on the part of the plant used: fiber, seed/grain, and flower (Figure 1). Some suggest a separate, marketable category exists forthe plant's extracted compounds (not shown here). Extracts and concentrates may be derived from different parts of the plant, including the flowers/buds and from trim (parts of the plant removed when thehemp flower is trimmed during the manicuring process) or from totalbiomass, which may include sticks and stems. Hemp Fibers Hemp fibers are used in fabrics and textiles, yarns and spun fibers, paper, carpeting, home furnishings, construction and insulation materials, and biocomposites (Figure 1). The interior of the stalkhas short, woody fibers called hurds (or hemp shiv/shives); the exteriorportion (bark) has long bast fibers (Figure 2). Hurds are used in insulation, animal bedding, material inputs, oilabsorbents, and papermaking. Bast fibers are usedto make rope and fabric. Hemp fibers also are used in a range of composite products, including use as building material and concrete blocks (made froma mix of fibers, hydrated lime, and other additives), an insulating material, a fiberglass alternative (by the automotive and aviation sectors), and a biodiesel feedstock. Fiber processing involves separating the core fiber fromthe b ark through mechanical s eparation (using a decorticator) or s ep aration through a process called retting or s ome combination of the two processes. Once separated, dried, and baled, hemp fibers may be further processed through additional mechanical separation (such as being pelletized or shredded into s maller pieces). ttps:/'crs reports.congress.gc

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