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1 1 (March 17, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/govecru0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional *.Research Service Apportionment and Redistricting Following the 2020 Census Updated March 17, 2021 The census, apportionment, and congressional redistricting are interrelated processes that occur every decade. The U. S. Constitution provides that a decennial census determines the distribution of U.S. House seats across states. Dividing House seats across states is known as apportionment (or reapportionment). Each state must receive one House seat and additional seats are distributed proportionally based on state population size. States then engage in redistricting, creating or redrawing geographic subdivisions with relatively equal-sized populations for each House district. Timelines for the census and apportionment are provided in federal statute and generally occur as scheduled every decade. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, however, affected 2020 census field operations and delivery of apportionment figures; concerns remain about timing for the apportionment and redistricting processes that follow the completion of the census. This Insight provides background on the typical timing of the census, apportionment, and redistricting, as well as a brief discussion of recent census operational changes and proposals, particularly those related to the subsequent congressional apportionment and redistricting. Typical Timing - Census, Apportionment, and Redistricting Figure 1 illustrates a timeline of the typical census, apportionment, and redistricting processes. Federal statute requires that April 1 of any year ending in 0 marks the official decennial census date. Acount known as the apportionment population, which reflects the total resident population in each state, is typically used to distribute House seats. Within nine months of the decennial census date (December 31 of the year ending in 0), the Secretary of Commerce is to report the apportionment population to the President; the Census Bureau has often released apportionment counts publicly at about the same time. According to this timeline, within the first week of the first regular session of the next Congress, the President transmits a statement to Congress with information on how to apportion House seats. The President's message contains the apportionment population and resulting number of Representatives for each state, based on the total number of Representatives (435) and using the method of equal proportions. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11360 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Membersand Committeesof Congress

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