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1 1 (February 4, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/govebss0001 and id is 1 raw text is: C I Research Service rif laws debaw ~ t~ 9 Updated February 4, 2021 The Bureau of Indian Affairs: FY2021 Appropriations The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), in the U.S. Departnrnt of the Interior (DOI), adminis ters programs for tribal government, social services, law enforcement, infrastructure, and trustland andnaturalresources in Indian Country. BIA plays a leading role in carrying out federal trus t, treaty, and other responsibilities to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and federally recognized tribes. This In Focus compares enacted BIA FY2021 discretionary appropriations with President Trump's request for FY2021 discretionary appropriations and enacted FY2020 appropriations. Supplemental appropriations and the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) appropriations are not included. Is sues for Congress, such as the terms and conditions of a new appropriations account, organizational changes, and funding for the Tiwahe Initiative, are discussed below. Discretionary Appropriations Accounts Congress and the Adminis tration generally provide discretionary appropriations to BIA in annual appropriations laws for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. P.L. 116-260, Division G, contained $2.159 billion in discretionary appropriations for BIA in FY2021, an increase of 6.3% from $2.032 billion in FY2020 enacted and appropriations and an increase of 13.2% from $1.907 billion in the FY2021 budgetrequest. (See Table 1.) Table I. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Discretionary Appropriations by Account (dollars in millions) FY2020 FY2021 FY2021 Account Enacted Requested Enacted Operation of Indian $1,577.1 $1,446.7 $1,616.5 Programs Contract Support $271.0 $335.0 $335.0 Costsa Payments for Tribal - $21.6 $21.6 Leasesb Constructionc $126.6 $59.8 $128.8 Settlements $45.6 $43.9 $45.6 Loan Program $11.8 $0.9 $11.8 Total $2,032.1 $1,907.9 $2,159.4 Source: Prepared by CRS with datafrom the explanatory statement for the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L II 6-260). a. Contract Support Costs are based on such sums as necessary; thus,thevalueforFY2021 requested deviatesfromthevalue reported in the FY2021 BIA request due to newer information. b. BIA proposed this asa new account in the FY2021 request. c. Does not include a $2.0 million rescission in FY2021 enacted. BIA discretionary appropriations are provided through several accounts. Operation of Indian Programs (OIP) is BIA's largest account. Other accounts include Contract Support Costs, Construction, Indian Land and Water Claim Settlements and Miscellaneous Payments to Indians, and the Indian Guaranteed Loan Program. FY2021 enacted levels maintained or increased funding levels in all accounts and established a new account-Payments for Tribal Leases. Operation of Indian Programs The enacted levelfor OIPin FY2021 is $1,616.5 million, an increase of 2.5% from $1,577.1 million in FY2020 enacted and an increase of 11.7% from $1,446.7 million in FY2021 requested. Table 2 shows FY2021 enacted, FY2020 enacted, and FY2021 requested appropriations for each OIP activity, severalof which are discussedbelow. Of the FY2021 OIP total, $721.2 million is for tribal priority allocation (TPA) funding. TPA is a BIA budgetary tool that allows direct involvement by tribes in setting priorities for their operating programs. TPA includes funds across multiple activities as guaranteed base fundingfor tribes. Tribal Gowrnment (TG). The enacted level for TG in FY2021 is $341.0 million, an increase of 2.0% from $334.2 million in FY2020 enacted and an increase of 1.1% from $337.4 million in FY2021 requested. TG assists tribes in strengthening government structures, such as funding for newly recognized tribes, and supports self-governance through contracting and compacting of federalprograms by tribes under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (ISDEAA; 25 U.S.C. § §5301 et seq.). TG includes New Tribes funding-available to tribes for three fiscal years after federal recognition-for the Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians (federally recognized in 2019). Human Services (HS). The FY2021 enactedlevelfor HS is $161.2 million, an increase of 3.5% from $155.7 million in FY2020 enacted and an increase of 84.2% from $87.5 million in FY2021 requested. HS supports socialprograms, such as Social Services, Welfare Assistance, and Indian Child Welfare Act programs. Funding for the Housing Improvement Program-eliminated in FY2021 requested- is $11.7 million, maintaining FY2020 enacted levels. Trust-Natural Resources Management (TNRM). The enactedlevelfor TNRM in FY2021 is $258.8 million, an increase of 14.1% from$226.8 million in FY2020 enacted and an increase of 23.4% from $209.7 million in FY2021 requested. TNRM assists tribes with managing, developing, and protecting trustlands and naturalresources. Funding for Cooperative Landscape Conservation-eliminated in FY2021 requested-is $17.0 million, a $2 million (13.4%), increase over FY2020 enacted.FY2021 enacted levels

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