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1 1 (January 28, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/govebmc0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional aResearch Service informing the legislative d bate since 114 Tracking COVID-19 Vaccines: U.S. Data Systems and Related Issues January 28, 2021 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for two Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, sponsored by Pfizer-BioNTech and Modema, and millions of vaccine doses are being distributed nationwide. Both vaccines require two doses, which are generally not interchangeable. Key to this effort, several existing and new data systems are in use to track, specifically, where the vaccines supply is: for example, whether vaccines are in a storage center or at a provider site, through the Vaccine Tracking System (VTrckS); who has received a vaccine: that is, recipients who have received one or both doses of which vaccine, through jurisdiction-based Immunization Information Systems (IIS); and if any new safety issues occur: several monitoring systems aim to identify new safety issues and inform public health recommendations or FDA actions. The federal government has long supported data capabilities for vaccines, primarily through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As with public health data generally, vaccine data systems use both federal and nonfederal (e.g., state-based) systems. For a number of years, 64 state, territorial, and local jurisdictions have received Immunization Cooperative Agreements (commonly referred to as Section 317 grants) administered by CDC. Among other functions, this flexible grant program has supported implementation of VTrckS for vaccine supply tracking and IISs for vaccine recipient tracking. IISs (commonly referred to as immunization registries) enable both (1) consolidated immunization histories for a given individual, and (2) tracking of administered vaccines across the population. IISs also aid with vaccine reminders, including second-dose reminders. Most, but not all, jurisdictions have had IISs. New Hampshire created one for the COVID-19 vaccination program. Recent reports indicate gaps in vaccine recipient data. Policy issues related to vaccine data have been highlighted for many years. Inadequate immunization history data and limitations with cross- jurisdictional data sharing have hindered prior public health emergency response efforts. In addition, existing vaccine data systems, like other public health data systems, sometimes use outdated technology or processes. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11584 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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