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             Congressional
             Research Servkc






COVID-19: How Quickly Will Unemployment

Recover?



Updated November 6, 2020
Because of effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the United States has seen
both high unemployment levels and record rates of change in those levels. This has made it difficult to
forecast unemployment from one month to the next. This Insight discusses the current state of
unemployment, how unemployment might change over the next few years, and what those changes woukl
mean for the economy.


Current Outlook

COVID-19  and the subsequent public health crisis led to precipitous increases in unemployment and
underemployment. Figure 1 contrasts the official U3 unemployment rate-unemployed workers as a
percentage of the labor force-with the U6 rate, which also includes those working part-time for
economic reasons and discouraged workers. At the height of the 2007-2009 Great Recession, the U3 rate
reached 10% compared with a high of 14.7% in April 2020. (For further explanation of these rates, see
CRS In Focus IF 10443, Introduction to U.S. Economy: Unemployment.)
Analysis of changes in employed workers may offer additional, and in some situations more stable,
insights on the state of the labor force. Figure 2 shows that the number of employed workers as a
percentage of the non-institutionalized population decreased substantially during the pandemic. The
employment-population ratio hit a low of 59.4% during the Great Recession compared with a low of
51.3% in April 2020.











                                                           Congressional Research Service
                                                             https://crsreports.congress.gov
                                                                               IN11460


CRS MNSIGHT
Prepared :c::M nmbersand
Comn; t eesof Congc  ---

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