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1 1 (August 31, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdbmn0001 and id is 1 raw text is: %~Oncw$~SC~fl riE SE .$rch $&e~ August 31, 2020 Trends in Commemorative Legislation, 93rd Through 115th Congresses Since the Continental Congress, commemorative legislation has been used to express public gratitude for distinguished contributions to American history and society; extol the virtues of individuals, groups, and causes; and perpetuate the remembrance of significant events. Today, commemorative legislation continues to serve as a formal mechanism to record recognition for posterity and a way for Members of Congress to connect with constituent groups. Congress generally uses one of six types of legislation to commemorate individuals, groups, and events. As shown in Figure 1, these types are postage stamps; commemorative coins; congressional Gold Medals; commemorative observances, including federal holidays; memorials; and building naming, including post offices. Figure I. Types of Commemorative Legislation N VE WdprdreAaks b Saior VJoI Ch K-. X W' A i~rn oo!st' . .. .. . .. . Urf icoij U IEdga HoIeI Source: U.S. Mint, Doolittle Tokyo Raiders, at https://www.usmint.gov/coins/coin-medal-programs/medals/doolittle- tokyo-raiders; and U.S. Mint, American Veterans Disabled for Life Silver Dollar, at https://www.usmint.gov/coins/coin-medal-programs/ commemorative-coinsamerican-veterans-disabled-for-life. Each Congress, hundreds of commemorative measures are introduced in the House and Senate. Table 1 shows the number of commemorative measures introduced and, depending on the form of legislation, either enacted or agreed to in each Congress from the 93rd Congress (1973- 1974) through the 115' Congress (2017-2018). Table I. Commemorative Congresses Legislation, 93rd- I I 5th Congress Total Enacted/Agreed to 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 Ill 112 113 114 115 Total 633 759 852 540 650 808 938 928 799 711 616 232 335 482 657 843 966 1,302 1,331 768 798 893 1,178 18,019 44 49 57 97 148 224 296 281 243 203 154 86 95 197 215 337 455 684 689 319 313 341 426 5,953 Source: Bush School of Government & Public Service and CRS data analysis of Congress.gov data on commemorative legislation. As shown in Table 1, the 1 11 Congress had the most commemorative measures introduced (1,331), followed by the 1 10th Congress (1,302). Conversely, the 104' Congress had the fewest (232), followed by the 105th Congress (335). For measures agreed to (simple and concurrent resolutions) or enacted (bills and joint resolutions), the I 11 Congress (689) and the 1 10h Congress (684) had the most measures, '¾) :~ ) 2...'. '.. .~. 8 e~. 3 ¾ p\w -- , gnom g-o mppm qq\ , q I 'S 11LIANJILiN,

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