About | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline
LOG IN
LOG IN

1 1 (August 20, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdble0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Venezuela: Overview of U.S. Sanctions For more than a decade, the United States has imposed sanctions in response to activities ofthe Venezuelan government and Venezuelan individuals. In response to the authoritarian leadershipof Nicolds Maduro, the Trump Adminis tration has significantly expanded sanctions. As of August20,2020, the TreasuryDepartmenthas imposed sanctions on more than 150 Venezuelan or Venezuelan- connected individuals, and the State Departmenthas revoked the visas of more than 1,000 individuals andtheir families. The Trump Administrationalsohas imposed sanctions on Venezuela's state oil company (Petr6leos de Venezuela, S.A., or PdVSA), government, and central bank Sanctions have increased economic pressure on the Maduo government, accelerating a decline in oil production. Nevertheless, Maduro remains in power a year and a half since the United States ceased to recognize his presidency. The Trump Administration has promised continued support to National As sembly President Juan Guaid6, whomthe United States and 57 governments recognize as interim president of Venezuela. In 2020, Treasury has sanctioned two subsidiaries of the Russian state-controlled Rosneft Oil Company for facilitating Venezuelan oil exports and four shipping companies for transporting Venezuelan oil. TerrrsnRated~ Santios Since 2006, the Secretary of State has made an annual determination that Venezuelais not cooperating fully with United States anti-terrorismefforts pursuantto Section 40A of the Arms Export ControlAct (22U.S.C. 2781). The most recent determination was made in May 2020. As a result, the United States has prohibited all U.S. commercial arms sales and retransfers to Venezuela since 2006. In 2008, Treasury imposed fmancialsanctions on two individuals and two travel agencies in Venezuela for financially supporting the radical Lebanon-basedIslamic Shiite group Hezbollah. Pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 13224, those sanctions related to terrorist funding. Drg Tfficking:Rebted Sanctions Since 2005, pursuant to procedures in the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, FY2003 (P.L. 107-228, §706; 22 U.S.C. 2291j), the President has made an annual determination that Venezuela has failed demonstrably to adhere to its obligations under intemationalnarcotics agreements. President Trump made themost recent determination for FY2020 in August2019but waived foreign aid restrictions for programs that support the interimgovernment. Treasury has imposed economic sanctions on at least 22 individuals with connections to Venezuela and 27 companies by designating themas Specially Designated Narcotics Traffickers pursuant to the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (P.L. 106-120, Title VIII; 21 Updated August 20,2020 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.). Designated individuals includecunent and former Venezuelan officials, such as then-Vice President TareckelAissami(2017) and Pedro Luis Martin (a former senior intelligence official) and two associates (2018). Others include drug trafficker Walid Makled, three dual Lebanese-Venezuelan citizens allegedly involved in a drug money-laundering network, and several Colombian drug traffickers with activity in Venezuela. ageted Sa os lted to Antdn a SAtonsua Rgt Violatio'xns and Corrtion In response to increasing repressionin Venezuela, Congress enacted the Venezuela Defense offHuman Rights and Civil Society Act of 2014(P.L. 113-278; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note)in 2014. Among its provisions, the law requires the President to impose sanctions (assetblockingandvisa restrictions) against those whomthe President identifies as responsible for significant acts of violence or serious human rights abuses or anyone who has ordered the arrestor prosecution ofa person becauseofthe person's legitimate exercise of freedomofexpression orassembly. Congress extendedthis act through 2019in P.L. 114-194. In December 2019, Congress extendedthis act through 2023 in P.L. 116-94. In March 2015, PresidentObama issued E.O. 13692 to implement P.L. 113-278, and Treasury issued regulations in July 2015 (31 C.F.R. Part 591). The E.O. targets (for as set blocking and vis arestrictions) those involved in actions or policies undermining democratic processes or institutions; serious human rights abuses; prohibiting, limiting, or penalizing freedomof expressionorpeacefulassembly;and public corruption. It includes any person who is acurrentor former leader of any entity engaged in any of those activities, as well as current or forner government officials. As ofAugust 20,2020, Treasuryhas imposed financial sanctions on 100 Venezuelans pursuant to E.O. 13692. Under the Obama Administration, Treasury froze the as sets of seven Venezuelans-sixmembers ofVenezuela's security forces and aprosecutor who repressed protesters. Under the Trump Administration, Treasury has imposed sanctions on an additional91 Venezuelan officials, including President Maduro;his wife,Cecilia Flores, and son, Nicolds Maduro Guerra; Executive Vice President Delcy Rodriguez; Diosdado Cabello (Socialist party president); eight supreme court judges; the leaders of Venezuela's army, nationalguard, andnational police; four state governors; the directorof the centralbank; and the foreign minister. On May 7,2019, Treasury lifted sanctions against the formerhead ofVenezuela's intelligence service, General Manuel Cristopher Figuera, who broke ranks with Maduro.

What Is HeinOnline?

HeinOnline is a subscription-based resource containing thousands of academic and legal journals from inception; complete coverage of government documents such as U.S. Statutes at Large, U.S. Code, Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. Reports, and much more. Documents are image-based, fully searchable PDFs with the authority of print combined with the accessibility of a user-friendly and powerful database. For more information, request a quote or trial for your organization below.



Short-term subscription options include 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week to HeinOnline.

Purchase Access

Contact us for annual subscription options:

Contact Us

Already a HeinOnline Subscriber?

Log In

profiles profiles most