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1 1 (August 14, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdbdy0001 and id is 1 raw text is: FF.ri E.$~ & Updated August 14, 2020 U.S. Agency for International Development: An Overview The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is the lead international humanitarian and development arm of the U.S. government. Its programs support U.S. political and strategic aims by providing assistance to strategically important countries and countries in conflict; leading global efforts to alleviate poverty, disease, and humanitarian need; and assisting U.S. commercial interests by furthering developing countries' economic growth and building these countries' capacity to participate in world trade. USAID is responsible for the implementation of more than $20 billion in combined annual appropriations, representing more than one-third of the funds provided in the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriation and international food aid provided in the Agriculture appropriation. USAID's annual appropriations come from 12 budget accounts most solely owned and some programmed collaboratively with the Department of State (State) making any calculation of its current budget imprecise. (For more on SFOPS, see CRS Report R46367, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2021 Budget and Appropriations.) On behalf of the American people, we promote and demonstrate democratic values abroad, and advance a free, peaceful, and prosperous world. In support of America's foreign policy, the U.S. Agency for International Development leads the U.S. Government's international development and disaster assistance through partnerships and investments that save lives, reduce poverty, strengthen democratic governance, and help people emerge from humanitarian crises and progress beyond assistance. - USAID Mission Statement (2019) USAID maintains more than 60 country and regional missions that design and manage a range of projects, most intended to meet specific development objectives as outlined in a Country Development Cooperation Strategy. Most projects are implemented, through a grant, cooperative agreement, or contract, by one of thousands of foreign and U.S. development partners such as nonprofit private voluntary organizations and other nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), for-profit contractors, universities, international organizations, and foreign governments. In FY2019, the most recent year for which detailed estimates are available, USAID provided assistance to more than 120 countries. Foreign aid allocations reflect both recipient needs and U.S. foreign policy priorities. The top 10 recipients of USAID-implemented funds in FY2019 were, in order of funding, Jordan, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Yemen, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, Syria, South Sudan, Kenya, and Iraq. Reflecting USAID's poverty reduction mandate, 72 of the 79 World Bank-determined low- and lower-middle-income countries received assistance in FY2019, with nearly 39% of USAID funds programmed in sub-Saharan Africa (Figure 1). Figure I. USAID-Implemented Program Funding, by Region and Sector: FY2019 Estimate Source: Foreign Aid Explorer and CRS calculations. Notes: World accounts for programs that span multiple regions. Since the early 1990s, health has consistently been the largest USAID sector, bolstered since 2004 by billions of dollars in transfers from State's President's Emergency Program for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Humanitarian assistance has also increased in recent years, particularly in response to both the emergence of new natural and human- induced humanitarian crises, and ongoing protracted crises. (For more information on U.S. responses to humanitarian crises, see CRS In Focus IF10568, Overview of the Global Humanitarian and Displacement Crisis.) Under former USAID Administrator Mark Green (who served from August 2017-April 2020, after which John Barsa was appointed Acting Administrator), and in response to Administration directives aimed at making federal agencies more efficient, effective, and accountable, USAID began a series of internal reforms, branded as USAID Transformation. Reforms target three areas process and programs, organizational structure, and workforce management and many build on past efforts, including those of the Obama and George W. Bush Administrations. Underlying the proposed Transformation is the Journey to Self-Reliance, the ultimate goal of World Europe and Eurasia East Asia and Oceania Western Hemisphere South and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa in billions of current U.S. $ Democracy & Governance :::: Economic Growth Agriculture N Environment & infrastructure & Conflict & Security Education nHealth \Humanitarian gognpq goo g , q 's a X 11LULANJILiN,

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