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               Researh Sevice






Facebook Inc.'s Acquisition of GIPHY:

Potential Competition Issues



May 28, 2020

On May 15, 2020, Facebook Inc. announced its acquisition of GIPHY, an online database and search
engine for short looping videos without audio, known as GIFs. The proposed deal is raising concern for
some that GIPHY could increase Facebook Inc.'s access to consumer data and provide insight into users'
activities on competitors' platforms, both of which could potentially give it an advantage in the digital
advertising market. Facebook Inc. is currently under scrutiny by Congress and antitrust authorities.


The Impact of Facebook Inc.'s Acquisitions on Its

Position in the Digital Advertising Market

Facebook Inc., founded in 2004, is primarily known for Facebook, a website and app where users can
share information, photos, and other content with other selected users or the general public. Its revenue
comes primarily from selling ad placements to advertisers who wish to reach users of its platforms. In
2019, advertising accounted for 98.5/o of its S71 billion of revenue. Because advertisers can target
individual users with digital ads, owners of websites and apps, such as Facebook Inc., have incentives to
collect consumer data to improve ad targeting by better identifying users who are likely to be interested in
a particular ad.
Facebook Inc. has expanded its business with at least 85 acquisitions since 2004. Some of its well-known
acquisitions include Instagram, a photo-sharing platform, in 2012, and WhatsApp, an encrypted
messaging platform, in 2014. Facebook Inc. is reportedly spending $400 million to acquire GIPHY. The
amount is relatively small compared to some of its past acquisitions: it spent $19 billion for WhatsApp
and $I billion to purchase Instagram.
Acquiring additional platforms may give Facebook Inc. greater access to users' information. It can collect
information from more users if the acquired platform's users do not use its other platforms. Acquisitions
can also help it obtain richer data about individuals by combining information obtained across its
platforms. However, GIPHY's business design may make it difficult for Facebook Inc. to obtain
individual user data.


                                                               Congressional Research Service
                                                               https://crsreports.congress.gov
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