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1 1 (April 24, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdadt0001 and id is 1 raw text is: i% 'N\ x M~~~la , , \g \' se c E Apportionment and Redistricting Following the 2020 Census April 24, 2020 The census, apportionment, and congressional redistricting are interrelated processes that occur every decade. The ).S Const.uition provides that a decennial census determines the distribution of U.S. House seats across states, though the federal government today also uses census data for other purposes, such as distributing funding to states and localities. The process of dividing House seats to states is known as apportionmen (or reapportionment). Each state must receive at least one House seat, and additional seats are distributed proportionally based on state population size. States then engage in redistricting, creating or redrawing geographic subdivisions for each House district, with relatively equal-sized populations. Timelines for the census and apportionment are provided in federal statute and generally occur as scheduled every decade. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, is affecting 2020 census field operations, and this could have consequences for the apportionment and redistricting processes that follow the completion of the census. This Insight provides background on the typical timing of the census, apportionment, and redistricting, as well as a brief discussion of recent census-related changes and proposals that may affect apportionment and redistricting following the 2020 census. Census, Apportionment, and Redistricting Timing Figure 1 provides a visual timeline of the typical census, apportionment, and redistricting processes further described in this section. Federal statutc requires that April 1 of any year ending in 0 marks the official decennial census date, although the Census Bureau begins certain population counts and outreach prior to Apri 11. A count known as the a orioniew p oJlu!tWop, which reflects the total resident population in each state, is used to distribute House seats. The apportionment population includes minors and noncitizens, in addition to Armed Forces and federal civilian personnel and their dependents living abroad. WVltiln rune rnontlis offhc decenniai census date (December 31 of the year ending in 0), the Secretary of Commerce reports the apportionment population to the President. The Census Bureau has, in past years, released apportionment counts publicly at about the same time they are officially presented to the President. Within the first week of the first regular session of the next Congress (typically, early January of a year ending in 1), the President transmits a statemcnt to Congress that provides information on how to Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11360 CRS INSIGHT Prepare'd for M, embers and C o rm it'e e s o i C o q g ..es s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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