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1 1 (February 20, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govcaep0001 and id is 1 raw text is: F F. , i E S E .-'. h ,i . , Updated February 20, 2020 Novel Coronavirus 2019: Global Implications and Responses On December 31, 2019, China's government notified the World Health Organization (WHO) of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan, capital of the central Chinese province of Hubei. On January 7, 2020, Chinese scientists isolated a previously unknown coronavirus in the patients, and on January 12, the scientists made its genetic sequence available to WHO and international partners. WHO initially named the virus 2019- nCoV and later renamed it severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus can cause a disease in humans that WHO is calling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). iThe V§r Coronaviruses are a large family of zoonotic viruses (viruses transmissible between animals and humans) that can cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The most common symptoms among confirmed COVID-19 patients include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. As of February 20, 2020, WHO reported more than 75,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases globally, including more than 2,100 deaths. Approximately 98% of the cases and all but 11 of the deaths were in mainland China. More than 80% of all cases in mainland China were reported in Hubei Province, the outbreak epicenter. Outside of mainland China, the jurisdictions with the highest reported caseloads were South Korea (104), Japan (85), Singapore (84), Hong Kong (65), Thailand (35), Taiwan (24), Malaysia (22), Vietnam (16), Germany (16), Australia (15), and the United States (15). WHO reported that over 600 cases, more than half the total COVID-19 cases outside mainland China, were detected from the Diamond Princess cruise ship, docked alongside Yokohama, Japan. One passenger from the Westerdam cruise ship, docked alongside Sihanoukville, Cambodia, has also tested positive for the virus. Within days of learning the genetic sequence of the virus, scientists around the globe developed lab tests to diagnose COVID-19. Current diagnostic supplies are insufficient to meet global demand, however. While trying to increase supply of these tests, developers are also trying to create faster, cheaper, and more easily administered tests. No specific treatments or vaccines for COVID-19 exist, although WHO has developed a disease commodity package that lists essential biomedical equipment, medicines, and supplies health workers need to care for patients with the disease. The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) indicated in late January that a candidate vaccine for COVID-19 could be ready for early-stage human testing within three months, compared to the 20 months it took to begin early-state development of an investigational SARS vaccine. In 2002-2003, China's government was widely criticized Figure I. Locations with Confirmed COVID- 19 Cases Globally, as of Februarv 20. 2020 Source: World Health Organization and National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. iii:g:i: rg-).po!. ¢ r ,K). g : p\w gnom ggmm mppm qq\ a , q 'S I 11LULANUALiN,

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