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1 1 (December 19, 2019)

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Foreign Interference in NIH Research:

Policy Implications



December 19, 2019
Recent congressional hearings and media reports have raised the issue of foreign interference in research
funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the primary federal agency for biomedical research and
development (R&D). An NIH investigation, conducted in partnership with the Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI), uncovered numerous potential violations of laws and policies (some confirmed,
others subject to ongoing investigation), including
    *  scientists involved in the NIH peer review process sharing details of research proposals
       with foreign entities;
    *  failure of scientists to disclose foreign ties or funding from foreign governments; and
    *  research fraud, involving scientists signing employment contracts and earning salary
       from both U.S. and foreign institutions for concurrent positions.
NIH has stated, The focus of current concern is China-but this issue is not unique to China. NIH
highlighted the Thousand Talents recruitment program, which encourages participants to transfer research
and other propriety information from the United States to China.
In FY2019, NIH received $39.3 billion in appropriations-making it the largest nondefense research
agency and the largest single public funder of biomedical research in the world. Through its extramural
research program (about 80% of the budget), NIH supports research conducted by over 300,000 scientists
and staff at more than 2,500 institutions (e.g., universities, medical centers) located in all 50 states and
around the world.
As a condition of receiving NIH grant funds, scientists and research institutions must comply with NIH
grant policies based on relevant laws and regulations. Such policies include those related to financial
conflicts of interest (FCOI), research misconduct, and reporting of other research support. NIH grants are
awarded to institutions, not to researchers; therefore, institutions are primarily responsible for compliance.
NIH recently issued a notice to clarify how such policies apply to research with foreign components (e.g.,
international collaborations). In addition to grant policies, peer reviewers agree to keep research proposals
confidential.



                                                                  Congressional Research Service
                                                                    https://crsreports.congress.gov
                                                                                        IN11207

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