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DHS Final Rule on Public Charge: Overview

and Considerations for Congress



August 16, 2019

On August 14, 2019, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) published a final rule that contains
new regulations interpreting the public charge ground of inadmissibility in the Immigration and
Nationality Act (INA). The rule would likely bar more non-U.S. nationals (aliens) from becoming lawful
pennanent residents (LPRs) due to their potential future use of public benefits. Specifically, the rule
would render aliens inadmissible to the United States-and thus ineligible to obtain LPR status-if they
are more likely than not at any time in the future to receive one or more public benefits . .. for more than
12 months within any 36-month period. Some non-cash federal benefits, including most forms of
Medicaid and benefits received under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), would
count as public benefits under the final rule, in contrast to pre-existing law.
The rule is to take effect on October 15, 2019-60 days from the publication date-barring legislative or
judicial action to the contrary. At least two lawsuits have been filed challenging the legality of the public
charge rule and seeking a preliminary injunction to prevent DHS from enforcing it during litigation.
This Legal Sidebar addresses legal aspects of the new public charge rule-specifically, how it would
change current law and, to a lesser extent, the arguments concerning the rule's legality. The Sidebar does
not focus on the policy arguments for and against the rule.


Background on Public Charge and Pre-Existing DHS

Guidance

The public charge ground of inadmissibility requires immigration officials to make forward-looking
assessments about the likelihood that an alien, if admitted into the United States, will become dependent
on public assistance in the future. The INA renders an alien inadmissible if he or she is likely at any
time to become a public charge. (Refugees, asylees, and some other groups of aliens are exempt from the
public charge ground of inadmissibility.) As a CRS Report explains, under longstanding executive branch
practice, the provision has implications mainly for aliens who seek LPR status either by applying for
adjusuent of status, if they are already in the United States, or by applying for an immigrant visa at a
U.S. consulate, if they are abroad. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) within DHS

                                                                Congressional Research Service
                                                                https://crsreports.congress.gov
                                                                                    LSB10341

 CRS Legal Sidebar
 Prepared for Members and
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