About | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline
LOG IN
LOG IN

1 1 (October 10, 2019)

handle is hein.crs/govbbic0001 and id is 1 raw text is: ICongressionaI Research Service InforGlog the legisiative debate sirce 1914 Global Trends in HIV/AIDS Updated October 10, 2019 Global Trends According to the Joint U.N. Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), more than 75 million people have been infected with the HIV virus since 1996, when the pandemic began. At the end of 2018, 38 million people were living with HIV/AIDS, including 2.1 million children younger than 15 years. The same year, 770,000 people died of HIV-related illnesses, and 1.7 million people were newly infected with HIV. Globally, an estimated one out of four people infected with HIV do not know they have it. In 2018, an estimated 79% of people living with HIV knew their status. Successive U.S. Administrations and Congresses have supported efforts to combat global HIV/AIDS over the past few decades. The United States provides more funding than any other country in the global fight against HIV/AIDS. Since the launch of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in FY2004, the United States has provided a total of about $68 billion for global HIV/AIDS programs through FY2018 (averaging about $4.6 billion per year). This assistance has been provided through PEPFAR, bilateral State Department- and USAID-administered programs, and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund). Despite substantial global investments in response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic-with $19 billion in international funding for HIV/AIDS programs in low- and middle- income countries in 2018-advocates argue that substantial work remains to achieve the UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals. What are the 90-90-90 goals? As part of its goal to end the AIDS epidemic, UNAIDS has set a target for 90% of all people living with HIV knowing their HIV status, 90% of all people diagnosed with HIV receiving sustained antiretroviral therapy, and 90% of all people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) experiencing viral suppression. To achieve these goals, UNAIDS is seeking an additional $5.4 billion from 2016 to 2020. On average, low- and middle-income HIV/AIDS-affected countries funded roughly 56% of HIV/AIDS programs in 2018, though the amount they provided varies. Wealthier countries, like South Africa and India, self-finance around 80% of their national HIV programs, whereas many low- income states-including several PEPFAR priority countries-rely on donors for 75% or more of their funding needs. PEPFAR funding has remained flat for the past seven years, and global HIV/AIDS aid declined by 7% between 2017 and 2018. (Data used in this In Focus derive primarily from UNAIDS and PEPFAR.) Progress in Addressing HIVAIDS ART Coverage and Prevention. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevents the progression of HIV infection. ART also often suppresses viral loads to levels that significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission, and it is a key tool for preventing sexual transmission of HIV. Without treatment, those infected with HIV will die. U.S. and international efforts to expand access to ART have increased coverage rates of those infected with HIV from 2% in 2003 to 62% in 2018. Currently, 61% of those in need of treatment, or 23 million people, are receiving ART. Since 2003, new HIV infections among adults have been reduced by 39%. Among children, new infections have dropped by 56%, largely due to increased access to ART for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Between 2003 and 2018, annual global HIV incidence (new cases) declined by 32%. This decrease has been largely fueled by access to biomedical interventions such as ART, though evidence suggests that the scaling up of behavior- change strategies, which experts view as a key prevention approach, will be critical to achieving further declines. Such strategies include counseling to improve knowledge of the disease, and increased risk awareness and communications. Care. Care of people living with HIV refers to nonclinical services (e.g., psychosocial, physical, socioeconomic, nutritional, and legal support) intended to improve quality of life, minimize suffering and ill health, and enable access to treatment. In 2016, there were 13.4 million orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) living without one or both parents due to an AIDS-related death. Through PEPFAR, expanded access to care programs helped to support 6.8 million OVC in 2018. Figure I. AIDS-Related Deaths and ART Access, 2003-2017 ARV/ART Access 2 AIDS related deaths (amongst people 25w 1.75 .2 1.5 2q 1.25 15 1 0.75 10 0.5 0.25 0 0 Source: CRS graphic created from UNAIDS data, 2019. )sI /rsreportscorgress o,

What Is HeinOnline?

HeinOnline is a subscription-based resource containing thousands of academic and legal journals from inception; complete coverage of government documents such as U.S. Statutes at Large, U.S. Code, Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. Reports, and much more. Documents are image-based, fully searchable PDFs with the authority of print combined with the accessibility of a user-friendly and powerful database. For more information, request a quote or trial for your organization below.



Short-term subscription options include 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week to HeinOnline.

Purchase Access

Contact us for annual subscription options:

Contact Us

Already a HeinOnline Subscriber?

Log In

profiles profiles most