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![handle is hein.crs/govbazf0001 and id is 1 raw text is:
In the 1970s, Congress enacted the National
Emergencies Act (NEA) and IEEPA to replace
previous emergency authorities and place new
limits on presidential emergency power.
[To] deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in
whole or substantial part outside the United States[,] upon declaring a national
emergency under the National Emergencies Act (NEA), IEEPA grants the
President the power to regulate transactions, freeze assets, and seize property.
Since the enactment of the NEA and I EEPA, Presidents have declared
63 national emergencies.
56 declarations 7 declarations have
have invoked IEEPA not invoked IEEPA
1979] 1980 1990
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2010
2019
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Since 1995,37 national
emergencies citing IEEPA have
been declared, 8 have ended.
a Ongoing Ended
1995
Declared Declared
before since
Presidents have declared
national emergencies invoking
IEEPA with respect to
35 countries as part of the
U.S. sanctions regime.
IEEPA was used to continue
enforcement of the Export
Administration Act (EAA)
upon its expiration 6 times for
a total of 27 years. IEEPA
authority is still used to
continue certain export
controls related to WMD.
1983
-044
19948P
Today 31 of the 34 ongoing
national emergencies cite IEEPA.
H AC
Abbreviations: EAA = Expiration of the Export Administration Act of 1979; WMD= Proliferating Weapons of Mass Destruction;
Terrorism = Committing or Supporting Terrorism; HEU =Highly enriched uranium; ME =Middle East
Information prepared on August 9,2019, by Christopher Casey, Analyst in International Trade and Finance, and Amber Wilhelm, Visual Information
Specialist. For more information, see CRS Report R45618, The International Emergency Economic Powers Act: Origins. Evolution, and Use.
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