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1 1 (August 16, 2019)

handle is hein.crs/govbauf0001 and id is 1 raw text is: * ongressional _____ aResearch Service Informing the tegisIatve debate since 194~ -- - Escalating U.S. Tariffs: Timeline Updated August 16, 2019 The trade practices of U.S. trading partners and the U.S. trade deficit are a focus of the Trump Administration. Citing these and other concerns, the President has imposed tariff increases under three U.S. laws: * (1) Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974 (Table 1) on U.S. imports of washing machines and solar products; * (2) Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (Table 2) on U.S. imports of steel and aluminum, and potentially motor vehicles/parts and titanium sponge (the President decided not to impose tariffs on uranium imports, after an investigation); and * (3) Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (Table 3) on U.S. imports from China. Congress delegated aspects of its constitutional authority to regulate foreign commerce to the President through these trade laws. These statutory authorities allow the President, based on agency investigations, to take various actions, including imposing import restrictions to address specific concerns (see text box). They have been used infrequently in the past two decades, in part due to the 1995 creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its enforceable dispute settlement system. Prior to this Administration, U.S. import restrictions were last imposed under these trade laws in 1986 for Section 232, in 2001 for Section 301, and in 2002 for Section 201. The President also proposed increasing tariffs on imports from Mexico using authorities delegated by Congress under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), but subsequently suspended the proposed tariffs citing an agreement reached with Mexico (Table 4). For information on retaliatory tariffs by U.S. trading partners, see CRS Insight 1N 10971, Escalating US. Tariffs: Affected Trade. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN10943 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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