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1 [1] (November 30, 2018)

handle is hein.crs/crsmthzzbyj0001 and id is 1 raw text is: *' Congressional Research Service ~~intormng the legaslative debate sice 1914 0 Updated November 30, 2018 Defense Primer: Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution (PPBE) Process Introduction Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) is an annual Department of Defense (DOD) process for allocating resources. It serves as the framework for DOD civilian and military leaders to decide which programs and force structure requirements to fund based on strategic objectives. The department's Defense Acquisition University (DAU) defines PPBE in part as a formal, systematic structure for making decisions on policy, strategy, and the development of forces and capabilities to accomplish anticipated missions. DOD Directive 7045.14 states the objective of PPBE is to provide the DOD with the most effective mix of forces, equipment, manpower, and support attainable within fiscal constraints. The process is designed to produce DOD's portion of the President's annual budget request to Congress and updates to the department's five-year spending plan known as the Future Years Defense Program, or FYDP (pronounced fiddip). It is also one leg of a triad of acquisition-related decision support systems that includes the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) for developing requirements to address capability gaps and the Defense Acquisition System (DAS) for managing acquisition. Background In 1961, then-Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) Robert S. McNamara created the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS) to create a framework for connecting strategic objectives with resources. In 2003, DOD renamed the system PPBE in part to emphasize the need to better manage the execution of budget authority provided by Congress. The Deputy Secretary of Defense assists the SECDEF in the overall PPBE leadership role by managing the process on a day-to-day basis. PPBE is a calendar-driven process that, for any fiscal year cycle, typically begins more than two years before the expected year of budget execution. PPBE is part of DOD's Resource Allocation Process, a timeline intended to show when actions associated with a particular fiscal year cycle are supposed to occur during a calendar year (see Figure 1). DOD makes a distinction between the execution phase of PPBE, also known as execution review, and the execution of congressional appropriations in the Resource Allocation Process figure. (For more information, see the Execution section below.) PPBE Phases The first three phases typically produce a specific product unique to that phase and year. The planning phase produces the Defense Planning Guidance (DPG), which details force development priorities. The programming phase generates a Program Objective Memorandum (POM), a funding plan for each military service and defense agency covering a five-year period that adjusts programs in the FYDP. The budgeting phase results in a Budget Estimate Submission (BES), which covers the first year of the POM and converts programs into budget terms for submission to Congress. Figure I. DOD Resource Allocation Process (by month and calendar year, and fiscal year) FY2019 FV2020 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023 Source: CRS graphic based on DOD references. Notes: CY is calendar year; FY is fiscal year. Execution as shown is based on appropriations available for one year. Planning The Under Secretary of Defense for Policy leads the planning phase. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) also plays a significant role in the process, in accordance with responsibilities as the principal military advisor to the SECDEF under 10 U.S.C. 151. The CJCS's role is, in part, to advocate for solutions to department-wide requirements. The phase involves reviewing the President's National Security Strategy (NSS), the SECDEF's National Defense Strategy (NDS), and the CJCS's National Military Strategy (NMS) to ensure the resulting Defense Planning Guidance (DPG) aligns with the Administration's policy goals and takes into account potential threats, force structure, readiness posture, and other factors. The DPG, developed with input from combatant commanders, contains specific guidance for the services and helps inform their Program Objective Memorandums (POMs). Programming The programming phase is meant to analyze the anticipated effects of present-day decisions on the future force. The Director of the Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation www.crs gov 1 7-5700 mW I

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