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Can Congress Limit the President's Power

to Launch Nuclear Weapons?

November 9, 2017 (LSB 10026)





Related Author


      Stephen P. Mulligan




Stephen P. Mulligan, Legislative Attorney (amu_,igan   r g, 7-8983)

Recent legislation p     in the 115th Congress intended IQ li-mi the President's ability to
launch nuclear weapons has prompted h       a       on Congress's constitutional power
to control the nuclear arsenal. As outlined in ealier CRS pmducla, the Constitution allocates
the authorities necessary to conduct war and other military operations between Congress and
the President. But the precise contours of each branch's respective powers have been the
subject of debate since the founding era. Moreover, courts traditionally have been reluctant to
resolve wartime separation of powers disputes between the legislative and executive branches,
often dismising these    on u    ictional grou wihout reaching the merits of the
constitutional challenges.

Against this backdrop of uncertainty, commentators have reached dramatically differing
conclusions on the constitutionality of proposals to restrict the President's power over the
nuclear arsenal. Proponents of congressional authority reason that Congress's many
enumerated war Power -including the power to power raise and support Armies and
provide and maintain a Navy-necessarily subsume a lesser authority to define how the
President may utilize the forces and weapons that Congress has provided. But proponents of
executive authority often argue that such restrictions would unconstitutionally infringe on the
President's  mm ndr in chi f' power to make tactical decisions on how best to subdue an
enemy.

As a matter of historical practice, Congress has used the power of Jteprse on several

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