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492 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. 9 (1987)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0492 and id is 1 raw text is: PREFACE Social conditions have been changed profoundly since 1945, by technology and by decolonization to take two prominent influences, but they stubbornly resist change in other areas.' A sad example of resistance to change has been the failure of the United Nations to respond to the plague of global unemployment, underemployment, and job insecurity. The organization and its members have not only underestimated the magnitude of the problem. They have failed to piece together the many storm warnings of future disaster: the debt crisis, austerity policies, new labor-displacing technologies, enormous overcapacity in agriculture and industry, beggar-thy- neighbor nationalism, self-centered regionalism, and recessions or depressions in many economic sectors and geographical areas. They have ignored the complex intertwinings that have brought capitalist, socialist, and developing countries together into a mysterious world order that cannot be well enough understood through the conventional concepts of classical, Marxist, Keynesian, or post- Keynesian economics. In the light of the full employment pledges in the U.N. Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic and Social Rights, these failures are not merely sad. They are tragic. In 1984 the Friedrich Ebert Foundation invited the contributors to this volume of The Annals to an unprecedented-and long overdue-conference, Global Unemployment: Challenge to Policy-Makers. Since meeting in Bonn, we have refined our findings and have produced this volume. Our purpose is ambitious: to help initiate a process of overcoming the resistance to change that has undermined earlier commitments to full employment. It is therefore a challenge to top policymakers in both governments and transnational agencies in all parts of the world. It is also a challenge to many others-not only economists, but to all other social scientists and to professionals, labor unions, business leaders, and the civil servants of national governments and the U.N. family. We are under no illusions about the difficulty of the task. This is made clear by the tentative nature of many findings and suggestions and by the many aspects of the problem that we have not had time or space to explore. We have had to omit several papers presented at Bonn. Among them are papers by Rashmi Mayur of Bombay, India, and Miguel Teubal of Buenos Aires, Argentina, on Third World unemployment, and a paper on transnational politics prepared by Ralph Goldman, who was the first to suggest the holding of our conference. Nor have we been able to include the generational approach to unemployment as presented to us in a preliminary paper by Ezio Tarantelli, head of the Institute for the Study of Labor 1. United Nations Secretariat, Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Office for Development Research and Policy Analysis, 1985 Report on the World Social Situation, E/ CN.51985/2 (1985). 9

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