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486 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. 9 (1986)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0486 and id is 1 raw text is: PREFACE

Elections to federal office are central to our constitutional form of government,
and money has become central to those elections. Campaign finance regulation is
therefore an important issue of political and social science.
While agreement can easily be reached on the foregoing propositions, it is
exceedingly difficult to find consensus on any other aspect of the subject. Some
argue on constitutional and policy grounds that the government should not regulate
campaign finance at all, or should only prohibit grossly antidemocratic behavior
such as bribery. Others argue that broad campaign finance regulation is necessary
to protect the electoral system from actual and apparent corruption and to restore
the electorate's confidence in the integrity of elected officials. Supporters of
campaign finance regulation often differ widely, however, on the appropriate
means for achieving objectives they hold in common.
The debate about campaign finance regulation is not conducted solely at lofty
legal and political science levels. The issue is redolent of realpolitik. Incumbent
officeholders consider the crucial effect of legislative changes on their relative
strength vis-a-vis challengers. Democrats and Republicans consider how regulatory
changes might affect their relative strength. Party officials worry about the
distribution of power between them and the party's candidates. Interest groups
worry about access to officeholders. Business worries about labor and vice versa.
The debate about campaign finance regulation is dominated by legal considera-
tions as well. The First Amendment, of course, protects freedom of speech and
association from unjustified governmental intrusion. This protection has its most
vital application in the context of federal elections, but all campaign finance
regulation affects speech and association in federal campaigns. This produces an
inexorable tension between First Amendment values and campaign finance
regulations, which the courts have not been successful in resolving in a consistent
manner.
This volume presents articles on campaign finance regulation by a distinguished
and diverse group of authors. They include practicing politicians, a lobbyist, a
judge, an academic, a journalist, and lawyers who practice in the field. The authors
attack the issues at all levels-theoretical, practical, and legal-and from widely
disparate perspectives.
The first article is by David Adamany, now the chancellor of Wayne State
University, who has published widely on the subject of campaign finance. His
article, entitled The New Faces of American Politics, analyzes the impact of
campaign finance regulation on American politics and, in particular, on the major
parties and political action committees (PACs). Mr. Adamany finds that American
politics have become more professionalized, bureaucratized, centralized, and
nationalized and that financial constituencies have gained strength at the expense of
voting constituencies. Mr. Adamany attributes these changes to factors other than
campaign finance laws, however. His fact-filled article sets the stage for the ensuing
articles.

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